336 CICHORIACEAE. Vow. III. 
4. Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass. Tall Rattle- 
snake-root. Fig. 4113. 
Nabalus trifolilatus Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 34: 95. 1825. 
Prenanthes trifoliata Fernald; Brainerd, Jones & Eggles- 
ton, Fl. Verm. 89. 1900. 
Glabrous throughout; stem usually stout, 3°-9° 
high. Leaves thinnish, the lower long-petioled, usu- 
ally 3-divided with the divisions stalked or sessile, 
the upper short-petioled or sessile, all commonly 
lobed or dentate, but the upper sometimes lanceo- 
late, acuminate and entire; inflorescence paniculate, 
the panicle-branches ascending, or nearly erect; 
heads few in the clusters, drooping, 7-12-flowered ; 
involucre pale green or purplish, glabrous, about 13” 
thick and 6” long, its principal bracts 6-8, equalling 
the pappus, the short outer ones ovate to lanceolate; 
flowers whitish or pale yellow; achenes 2’-3” long; 
pappus light brown. 
In woods and thickets, Newfoundland to Pennsylva- 
nia, Indiana, Delaware and Tennessee. Aug.—Oct. 
5. Nabalus nanus (Bigel.) DC. Low Rattlesnake-root, or Lion’s-foot. Fig. 4114. 
se alba var. nana Bigel. Fl. Bost. Ed. 2, 286. . 
1624. 
apatus nanus DC. Prodr. 7: 241. 1838. 
Prenanthes nana Torr.; Robinson & Fernald in A. 
Gray, Man. Ed. 7, 871. 1908. 
Prenanthes serpentaria var. nana A. Gray, Syn. FI. 
at Part 2, 434. 1884, 
Glabrous throughout; stem simple, erect, 4’-16’ 
high. Basal and lower leaves slender-petioled, 
3-divided, or sometimes broadly hastate, the divi- / 
sions variously lobed, toothed, or entire, usually 4 
sessile, occasionally stalked; upper leaves much 
smaller, entire, toothed, or lobed, sessile, or short- 
petioled; inflorescence thyrsoid, glomerate-spicate 
or racemose, rarely with 1 or 2 short ascending 
branches; involucre dark purple-brown or nearly 
black, glabrous, 4’-6” long, its inner bracts 6-8, 
slightly ciliate at the apex, about as long as the 
usually bright brownish pappus; outer bracts lan- 
ceolate to ovate-lanceolate. 
Alpine summits of the Adirondacks and the moun- 
tains of New England; Nova Scotia to Labrador and 
Newfoundland. Aug.—Sept. 
6. Nabalus virgatus (Michx.) DC. Slender 
Rattlesnake-root. Fig. 4115. 
Prenanthes virgata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 84. 1803. 
Nabalus virgatus DC. Prodr. 7: 242. 1838. 
_Glabrous, somewhat glaucous; stem strict, mostly 
simple, 2°-4° high. Leaves lanceolate or oblong- 
lanceolate, the basal and lower ones sinuate-pin- 
natifid or pinnately parted, petioled, often 10’ long, 
the lobes entire or dentate, distant; upper leaves all 
sessile, pinnately lobed, or the uppermost entire, 
very small and bract-like; heads very numerous, 
pendulous, about 2” broad, in a narrow, simple or 
branched, terminal thyrsus, often unilateral; invo- 
lucre purplish, about 14” thick and 5” long, its 
principal bracts about 8, with several minute outer 
ones; flowers white or pinkish; pappus straw-color. 
In moist sandy soil, New Jersey to Florida, near the 
coast. Called also De Witt’s-snakeroot. Sept.—Oct. 
