GENUS I. RAGWEED FAMILY. 339 
1. Iva frutéscens L. Marsh Elder. High- 
water Shrub. Fig. 4120. 
Iva frutescens L. Sp. Pl. 989. 1753. 
Iva oraria Bartlett, Rhodora 8: 26. 1906. 
Perennial, shrubby or herbaceous, somewhat 
fleshy; stem paniculately branched above, mi- 
nutely pubescent, or sometimes glabrous below, 
3°-12° high. Leaves oval, oblong, or oblong- 
lanceolate, all the lower ones opposite, short- 
petioled, 3-nerved, acute or obtusish, serrate, nar- 
rowed at the base, the lower 4’-6’ long, 1’-2’ wide, 
the upper smaller and narrower, passing gradu- 
ally into those of the racemose inflorescence 
which are much longer than the short-pedicelled 
heads; involucre depressed-hemispheric, its bracts 
about 5, orbicular-obovate, separate; fertile flow- 
ers about 5, their corollas tubular. 
Along salt marshes and on_muddy sea-shores, 
Massachusetts to Florida and Texas, the northern 
plant (J. oraria) mainly broader-leaved and less 
shrubby than the southern. Jesuits’- or false Jesuits’- 
bark. J uly-Sept. 
dhe 
< 
o) Tua axillaris Purdy. “Smipilnowexed Marsh 
Elder. Fig. 4121. 
Iva axillaris Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 743. 1814. 
Perennial by woody roots; stems herbaceous, ascend- 
r ing, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, simple or branched, 
1°-2° high. Leaves sessile, entire or very nearly so, 
obtuse, faintly 3-nerved, obovate, oblong, or linear- 
oblong, 4/13’ long, thick, somewhat fleshy, glabrous 
or pubescent, the lower opposite, the upper alternate 
and smaller, passing gradually into those of the in- 
florescence; heads mostly solitary in the axils of the 
leaves, 2’-3” broad, short-peduncled; involucre hemi- 
spheric, about 13” high; its bracts about 5, connate at 
the base, or united nearly to the summit; pistillate 
flowers 4 or 5, their corollas tubular. 
In saline or alkaline soil, Manitoba and North Dakota to 
western Nebraska, New Mexico, British Columbia and Cali- 
fornia. May-—Sept. 
3. Iva imbricata Walt. ~ Sea-coast Marsh 
Elder. Fig. 4122. 
Iva imbricata Walt. Fl. Car. 232. 1788. 
Perennial by woody roots, glabrous or nearly so 
throughout, fleshy; stem 1°-2° high, simple, or 
sparingly branched. Leaves all but the lowest 
alternate, sessile, oblong-spatulate, or lanceolate, ob- 
tusish, mucronulate, entire, or rarely serrate, obscurely 
3-nerved, the larger 1’-2’ long, 3-5” wide; heads 
about 4” broad, short-peduncled or nearly sessile, 
the upper often longer than their subtending leaves ; 
involucre broadly campanulate, its bracts 6-9, not 
united, somewhat imbricated in 2 series; fertile 
flowers 2-4, their corollas tubular, the staminate 
ones much more numerous; chaff of the receptacle 
spatulate. 
On sandy sea-shores, southeastern Virginia to Florida 
and Louisiana. Bahamas; Cuba. July—Oct. 
