GENUS 1. THISTLE FAMILY. 355 
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1. Vernonia crinita Raf. Great Iron- 
weed. Fig. 4140. 
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V. crinata Raf. New Flora N. A. 4:77. 1836. 
Vernonia arkansana DC. Prodr. 7: 264. 1838. 
Cacalia arkansana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 969. 1891. 
Stout, glabrate or finely rough-pubescent, 8°- 
12° high, simple or little branched. Leaves nar- 
rowly lanceolate, finely denticulate, acuminate, 
3-12’ long, 3-12” wide; heads stout-peduncled, 
the peduncles thickened above; involucre hemi- 
spheric, 9-12” broad, 50-80-flowered; bracts 
green, or the upper reddish, very squarrose, all 
filiform-subulate from a broader base and equal- 
ling the head, the inner ones somewhat wider 
below; achenes glabrous or hispidulous on the 
ribs; pappus purplish. ‘ 
On prairies and along streams, Missouri to Kan- 
sas and Texas. Aug.—Oct. 
‘ 
2. Vernonia noveboracénsis (L.) Willd. New York Iron-weed. Flat Top. 
Fig. 4141. 
Serratula noveboracensis L. Sp. Pl. 818. 1753. 
V. noveboracensis Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1632. 41804. 
C, noveboracensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 323. 1891. 
Vernonia noveboracensis tomentosa Britton, Mem. 
Torr. Club 5: 311. 1894. 
Roughish-pubescent or glabrate, 3°-9° high. 
Leaves lanceolate or narrowly oblong, serrulate, 
3-10’ long, 5’’-12” wide, acuminate or .acute; 
heads peduncled; involucre hemispheric, 20-40- 
flowered, 4-5” in diameter; bracts brownish- 
purple or greenish, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, with 
subulate spreading tips usually twice or three 
times their own length, or some of the lower 
linear-subulate, the upper sometimes merely acute; 
flowers deep purple, rarely white; achenes his- 
* pidulous on the ribs; pappus purple or purplish, 
rarely green. 
In moist soil, Massachusetts to Pennsylvania, 
North Carolina, West Virginia, Mississippi and Mis- 
ei Erroneously recorded west to Minnesota. July— 
ept. 
3. Vernonia glauca (L.) Britton. Broad- 
leaved Iron-weed. Fig. 4142. 
Serratula glauca L. Sp. Pl. 818. 1753. 
Vernonia noveboracensis var. latifolia A. Gray, 
Syn. Fl. 1: Part 2, 89. 1884. 
Vernonia glauca Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 
gir. 1894. 
Slender, glabrous or finely puberulent, 2°-5° 
high. Leaves thin, the lower broadly oval or 
slightly obovate, sharply serrate, acute or acu- 
minate, 4’-7’ long, 1’-23’ wide, the upper nar- 
rower and more finely toothed; inflorescence 
loosely branched; heads slender-peduncled, 10— 
20-flowered; involucre campanulate, 3-4” 
broad;. bracts ovate, with filiform tips, ap- 
pressed; achenes minutely hispidulous; pappus 
yellowish. 
In woods, Pennsylvania and Maryland to 
Georgia and Alabama. Southern plants pre- 
viously referred to this species prove to be dis- 
tinct. Aug.—Sept. . 
