352 COMPOSITAE. 
5. Vernonia altissima Nutt. Tall 
Iron-weed. Fig. 4144. 
Vernonia altissima, Nutt. Gen. 2: 134. 1818. 
Vernonia maxima Small, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 
280. 1900. 
Glabrous or nearly so, 5°-10° high. Leaves 
thin, lanceolate, sometimes broadly so, usu- 
ally long-acuminate, finely serrate, 4’-12’ 
long, 3’-13’ wide, glabrous on both surfaccs, 
or puberulent beneath; inflorescence at 
length loosely branched and open; heads 
short-peduncled or some of them sessile; 
involucre campanulate or turbinate, 2-3” 
broad, 15-30-flowered; bracts obtuse or 
mucronate, more or less ciliate, appressed ; 
achenes slightly hispidulous; pappus pur- 
plish. 
In moist soil, New York to Florida, Illinois, 
Michigan, Missouri, Kentucky and Louisiana. 
July-Sept. Included in our first edition in V. 
a (Walt.) Britton, of the Southern 
tates. 
Vor. III. 
4. Vernonia marginata (Torr.) Raf. 
James’ Iron-weed. Fig. 4143. 
Vernonia altissima var. marginata Torr. Ann. 
Tye, Ny ¥, 2s eee, F827, 
Vernonia marginata Raf. Atl. Journ. 1: 146. 
1832. 
Vernonia Jamesii T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2: 58. 1841. 
Cacalia marginata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 968. 
1891. 
Glabrous or very nearly so, 1°-3° high. 
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, minutely 
denticulate, 1-nerved, firm, punctate, 2-5’ long, 
13’’-3”" wide, acuminate; inflorescence rather 
loose; heads slender-peduncled; involucre 
campanulate or turbinate, 15-30-flowered, 4”— 
6” broad; bracts ovate or oval, acute, mucro- 
nate or obtusish, purplish, somewhat pubes- 
cent, appressed; achenes nearly glabrous, or 
somewhat pubescent; pappus brownish. 
Prairies, Nebraska and Kansas to Texas and 
New Mexico. Autumn. 
6. Vernonia fasciculata Michx. 
Western Iron-weed. Fig. 4145. 
Vernonia fasciculata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 
94. 1803. 
Cacalia fasciculata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 970. 
1891. 
Glabrous, or puberulent above, 2°-6° high. 
Leaves firm, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 
long-acuminate, 3’-0’ long, 2-4” wide, gla- 
brous or nearly so on both surfaces; inflor- 
escence usually compact; heads short-pedun- 
cled, or some of them sessile; involucre 
campanulate, 2”-3” broad, 20-30-flowered ; 
bracts all appressed, ovate or oval, acute, 
ciliate, or sometimes pubescent; achenes gla- 
brous, or a little pubescent; pappus purple. 
In moist soil or on prairies, Ohio to Minne- 
sota, Nebraska, Karisas and Oklahoma. South- 
ern plants formerly referred to this species 
prove to be distinct. July—Sept. 
Vernonia corymbésa Schwein., ranging 
from Manitoba to western Nebraska, has 
broader leaves but is otherwise similar. 
