GENUS I. THISTLE FAMILY. 353 
7. Vernonia Baldwinii Torr. Baldwin’s 
Iron-weed. Fig. 4146. 
V. Baldwinii Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 211. 1827. 
Cacalia Baldwinii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 969. 1891. 
Vernonia interior Small, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 279. 
1900. . 
V. interior Baldwinii Mack. & Bush, Fl. Jackson Co. ** 
190. 1903. 
Stout, 2°-54° high, finely and densely tomen 
tose-pubescent. Leaves lanceolate or oblong- 
lanceolate, acuminate or acute at the apex, sharply 
serrate, 4-8’ long, 3’-2’ wide, scabrate above, 
densely tomentulose beneath; heads stout-pedun- 
cled, 15-30-flowered; involucre hemispheric, 3’ 
4” broad; bracts ovate, the acute tips recurved 
or spreading; pappus purple. 
In_dry soil, Iowa to Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas 
and Texas. July—Sept. 
V. missurica Raf. Herb. Raf. 28. 1833. 
Vernonia altissima var. grandiflora A. Gray, 
Syn. Fl. 1: Part 2, 90. 1884. 
Vernonia Drummondii Shuttlw.; Werner, 
Journ. Cine, Soe. Nat. Hist. 262 171. . 
1894. 
V. illinoensis Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. 4: 211. 1906. 
Stout, densely tomentose, 3°-5° high. 
Leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 
acuminate, finely serrate, 3’-6’ long, 
3’-13’ wide, scabrous above, densely pu- 
bescent beneath; inflorescence usually 
compact; heads short-peduncled; invo- 
lucre hemispheric or short-cylindric, 2’ 
6” in diameter, 30-60-flowered; bracts 
purplish, appressed, ovate, obtuse, acute, 
or mucronate, more or less floccose- 
pubescent or ciliate; achenes glabrous 
or a little pubescent; pappus purplish to 
tawny. 
Prairies, Ontario and Ohio to Illinois, 
Kentucky, Missouri and Texas. Autumn. 
2, ELEPHANTOPUS [Vaill.] L. Sp. Pl. 814. 1753. 
Perennial rigid pubescent herbs, with alternate or basal, simple pinnately-veined leaves, 
and in our species glomerate bracted heads of blue or purple flowers in branching corymbs. 
Heads discoid, 2-5-flowered. Involucre compressed, oblong, its chaffy bracts imbricated in 
about 2 series, the 4 outer bracts shorter. Bracts of the glomerules large, foliaceous. Recep- 
tacle small, naked. Corolla nearly regular, 5-lobed, but a little deeper cleft on the inner 
side. Achenes 10-ribbed, truncate. Pappus of rigid persistent awn-like scales or bristles in 
Ior 2rows. [Greek, Elepnant’s-foot.] 
About 14 species, natives of tropical or warm regions. Besides the following, another occurs 
in the southern United States. Type species: Elephantopus scaber L. 
Stem and branches leafy. 1. E. carolinianus. 
Stem scapiform, naked, or with 1 or 2 leaves. FA 
Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, 9”—2’ wide ; heads 4” long. 2. E. nudatus. 
Leaves ovate, oval, or obovate, 2’-4’ wide; heads 6” long. 3. E. tomentosus. 
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