8. Gnaphalium sylvaticum L. Wood 
Cudweed. Chafweed. Owl’s Crown. 
COMPOSITAE. Vor. III. 
Golden Motherwort. Fig. 4413. 
Gnaphalium sylvaticum L. Sp. Pl. 856. 
Perennial; stem slender, simple, 6’-18’ high. 
Leaves linear, acute, 1-2’ long, 1’-23”” wide, 
or the lowest linear-spatulate, woolly beneath, 
glabrous or glabrate above; heads about 3” 
high, numerous in a more or less leafy spike, 
or the lowest solitary or glomerate in the 
upper axils; bracts of the involucre linear- 
oblong, obtuse, mostly glabrous, yellowish or 
greenish with a brown spot at or just below 
the apex; pappus-bristles united at the base; 
achenes hispidulous. 
New Brunswick and Cape Breton Island to 
Quebec and northern Maine and New Hampshire. 
Widely distributed in Europe and northern Asia. 
June-Aug. 
1753. 
7. Gnaphalium norvégicum Gunner. Nor- 
wegian Cudweed. Fig. 4412. 
G. norvegicum Gunner, Fl. Norveg. 2: 105. 1772. 
Perennial ; stem simple, 6’-18’ high. Leaves lan- 
ceolate to spatulate, elongated, acute, narrowed 
at the base, woolly on both sides, or green and 
glabrate above, 3-6’ long, 2”-5” wide, the lower 
and basal ones petioled; heads about 3” high, 
numerous in a more or less leafy spike, the lowest 
often distant, solitary or glomerate in the upper 
axils; bracts of the involucre ovate-oblong, dark 
brown, or brown-tipped, glabrous or slightly 
woolly, obtuse; pappus-bristles united at the base, 
falling away in a ring; achenes hispidulous. 
Mt. Albert, Gaspé, Quebec, north to Greenland and 
Arctic America. Also in Europe. July—Aug. 
g. Gnaphalium purptreum L. Purplish 
Cudweed. Fig. 4414. 
Gnaphalium purpureum L. Sp. Pl..854. 1753. 
Annual or biennial, simple and erect or branch- 
ed from the base and the branches ascending, 2’-2° 
high. Leaves spatulate, or the uppermost linear, 
mostly obtuse, mucronulate, woolly beneath, usu- 
ally green and glabrous or nearly so above when 
old, sessile, or the lowest narrowed into petioles, 
1-2’ long, 2-6” wide; heads 2-23” high in a 
terminal, sometimes leafy, often interrupted spike, 
or the lowest ones distant and axillary; bracts of 
the involucre yellowish brown or purplish, lan- 
ceolate-oblong, acute or acutish, the outer woolly 
at the base; pappus-bristles united below; achenes 
roughish. 
In dry sandy soil, eastern Maine to Florida, Penn- 
sylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, Kansas and Texas. 
Bermuda; Jamaica; Mexico. Far western plants for- 
merely referred to this species prove to be distinct. 
May-Sept. 
