GENUS 52. THISTLE FAMILY. 463 
1. Chrysogonum virginianum L. Chryso- 
gonum. Fig. 4428. 
Chrysogonum virginianum L, Sp. Pl. 920. 1753. 
Chrysogonum virginianum dentatum A. Gray, Bot. 
Gaz. 7: 31. 1882. 
Perennial by rootstocks or runners, pubescent 
or hirsute throughout, branched from the base, 
or at first acaulescent, 3’-12’ high. Leaves ovate or 
oblong, obtuse or acutish at the apex, the upper 
sometimes subcordate at the base, dentate or 
crenate-dentate, rather thin, 1-3’ long, 4’-2’ wide, 
the basal ones with petioles as long as the blade 
or longer, those of the upper one shorter; pedun- 
cles 1’-4’ long; heads 1’-13’ broad; outer bracts 
of the involucre obtuse or acute; rays about 5, 
4-7” long. 
In dry soil, southern Pennsylvania to Florida and 
Alabama. April-July. ; 
53. BERLANDIERA DC. Prodr. 5: 517. 1836. 
Perennial canescent or pubescent herbs, with alternate leaves and rather large, peduncled 
solitary or corymbose heads of both tubular and radiate yellow-flowers. Involucre depressed- 
hemispheric, its bracts imbricated in about 3 series, the outermost small, mostly oblong, the 
second series broader, oval or obovate, the inner membranous, similar, reticulated when mature, 
subtending the ray-flowers and exceeding the disk. Receptacle nearly flat, chaffy, the chaff 
subtending the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers 5-12, pistillate, fertile. Disk-flowers perfect, tubular, 
sterile, their corollas 5-toothed. Anthers entire, or minutely 2-toothed at the base. Style of 
the tubular flowers undivided, hirsute. Achenes obovate, compressed, not winged, 1-ribbed 
on the inner side, the pappus obsolete, early deciduous or of 2 caducous awns. [Named 
after J. L. Berlandier, a Swiss botanical collector in Texas and Mexico.] 
About 8 species, natives of the southern United States and Mexico. Type species: Berlandiera 
texana DC. 
Stem leafy; leaves ovate to oblong, crenate. | : 1. B. texana. 
Plant acaulescent, or nearly so; leaves lyrate-pinnatifid. 2. B. lyrata. 
1. Berlandiera texana DC. Texan 
Berlandiera. Fig. 4429. 
Berlandiera texana DC. Prodr. 5: 517. 1836. 
Hirsute-pubescent throughout; stem erect, 
branched above, or simple, 2°-3° high, leafy. 
Leaves ovate, or the basal oblong, crenate, 
4 acutish or obtuse at the apex, rounded or 
cordate at the base, 2’-4’ long, 1-2’ wide, the 
upper sessile, the lower petioled; heads few 
or several, 1-12’ broad, in a terminal corym- 
bose-cymose cluster; peduncles #’-14’ long; 
inner bracts of the involucre twice as large 
as the outer. 
In dry soil, Missouri and Kansas to Arkansas 
and Louisiana. July—Aug. 
