GENUS 63. THISTLE FAMILY. 475 
3. Ratibida Tagétes (James) Barnhart. 
Short-rayed Cone-flower. Fig. 4455. 
Rudbeckia Tagetes James in Long’s Exp. 2: 68, 1823. 
mes cg Tagetes A, Gray, Pac. R. R. Rep. 4: 103. 
1856, 
ae Tagetes Barnhart, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 100. 
1897. 
Rough-canescent; stem 1°-14° high, usually 
much branched, leafy. Leaves firm, pinnately 
divided into 3-7 narrowly linear, mostly entire 
segments; peduncles terminal, #’-2’ long; heads 
I’ broad, or less; bracts of the receptacle narrow, 
deflexed; rays few, mostly shorter than the glo- 
bose to short-oval disk; style-tips obtuse; achenes 
scarious-margined; pappus of I or 2 subulate 
deciduous teeth, with no short intermediate teeth. 
On dry plains and rocky hills, Kansas to Texas, 
Colorado, Chihuahua, New Mexico and Arizona. 
July—Sept. 
64. ECHINACEA Moench, Meth. 591. 1794. 
[Braunerta Neck. Elem. 1: 17. Hyponym. 1790.] 
Perennial erect branched or simple herbs, with thick black roots, thick rough alternate 
or opposite, 3-5-nerved entire or dentate, undivided leaves, and large long-peduncled heads of 
tubular and radiate flowers, the rays purple, purplish, crimson or yellow, the disk green or 
purple, at length ovoid or conic. Involucre depressed-hemispheric, its bracts lanceolate, 
spreading or appressed, imbricated in 2-4 series. Receptacle conic, chaffy, the chaff carinate 
and cuspidate. Ray-flowers neutral, or with a rudimentary pistil. Disk-flowers perfect, the 
corolla cylindric, 5-toothed. Achenes 4-sided, obpyramidal, thick. Pappus a short dentate 
crown. [Greek, referring to the spiny chaff of the receptacle.] 
Four species, natives of eastern and central North America. Type species: Echinacea purpurea 
(L.) Moench. 
Rays purple, crimson, pink or white. 
Leaves broad, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, often toothed. 1. E. purpurea. 
Leaves narrow, linear to lanceolate, entire. : 
Rays about 1’ long, spreading. 2. E. angustifolia. 
Rays 1%4’~3’ long, drooping. 3. E. pallida. 
Rays bright yellow, drooping. 4. E. paradoxa. 
1. Echinacea purptirea (L.) Moench. 
Purple Cone-flower. Black Sampson. 
Fig. 4456. 
Rudbeckia purpurea L. Sp. Pl. 907. 1753. 
Echinacea purpurea Moench, Meth. 591. 1794. 
Brauneria purpurea Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 334. 
1894. 
Stem glabrous, or sparingly hispid, usually 
stout, 2°-5° high. Lower and basal leaves slen- 
der-petioled, ovate, mostly 5-nerved, acute or 
acuminate at the apex, abruptly narrowed or 
rarely cordate at the base, commonly sharply 
dentate, 3-8’ long, 1-3’ wide; petioles mostly 
winged at the summit; upper leaves lanceolate 
or ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, sessile or nearly 
so, often entire; rays 12-20, purple, crimson, or 
rarely pale, 14’-3’ long, spreading or drooping. 
In moist, rich soil, Pennsylvania to Alabama, 
Georgia, Michigan, Kentucky, Louisiana and Arkan- 
sas. Called also Red sunflower. July—Oct. 
