480 COMPOSITAE. Vo. LI. 
6. Helianthus scabérrimus Ell. Stiff Sun- 
flower. Fig. 4466. 
H. scaberrimus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 423. 1824. 
H, rigidus Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris, Ed. 3, 184. 1829. 
Perennial; stems simple or little branched, hispid 
or scabrate, 1°-8° high. Leaves thick, coriaceous, 
serrate or serrulate, very scabrous on both sides, 2’-7’ 
long, 3-2’ wide, acute at the apex, narrowed at the 
base, the lower ovate or ovate-oblong, petioled, the 
upper lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile or short- 
petioled, all opposite, or the uppermost bract-like and 
alternate; heads solitary or few, 2’-3’ broad; invo- 
lucre hemispheric, its bracts ovate, acute or obtusish, 
ciliate, appressed; disk purple or brown; receptacle 
convex, its chaff obtuse; rays 15-25, light yellow; © 
achenes more or less pubescent, oblong-obovate; 
pappus of 2 broad scales or of 2-4 stout awns. 
Prairies, Illinois to Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Georgia 
and Texas. Aug.-Sept. 
7. Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydb. 
Rhombic-leaved Sunflower. Fig. 4467. 
Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. 1: 419. 1900. 
Stem simple, sparingly hirsute, usually tinged 
with red. Leaves opposite, firm, very scabrous, 
3-nerved, slightly serrate, the basal ones broad- 
ly ovate to obovate-spatulate, those of the 
stem rhomboid-ovate to rhomboid-lanceolate, 
short-petioled, 2’-4’ long, the uppermost very 
small; heads 1-3, 1’-12’ in diameter; bracts 
of the involucre oblong, acutish, densely white- 
ciliate; disk purple. 
Plains, Manitoba and Saskatchewan to South 
Dakota, Nebraska, Montana and New Mexico. 
Adventive, New Jersey to New Hampshire. July— 
Sept. Included in H. scaberrimus in our first 
edition. 
8. Helianthus occidentalis Riddell. Few-leaved 
Sunflower. Fig. 4468. 
H. occidentalis Ridd. Suppl. Cat. Ohio Pl. 13. 1836. 
H. illinoensis Gleason, Ohio Nat. 5: 214. 1904. 
Hi, occidentalis illinoensis Gates, Bull. Torr. Club 37: 81. 
1910, 
Perennial; stems appressed-pubescent or sometimes 
nearly glabrous, slender, mostly simple, 1°-3° high. 
Leaves mostly basal, or below the middle of the stem, 
firm, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or obtusish at 
the apex, narrowed at the base, 3-5-nerved, serrulate 
or entire, scabrous above, pubescent beneath, with 
slender petioles about as long as the blades; stem usu- 
ally bearing 1 or 2 pairs of small distant leaves; heads 
several or solitary, 13-23’ broad; involucre hemi- 
spheric, its bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute 
or acuminate, generally ciliate, appressed; receptacle 
convex, its chaff acute; disk yellow; rays 12-15; 
achenes truncate and pubescent at the summit; pappus 
of 2 lanceolate-subulate awns. 
In dry soil, Ohio to Minnesota, south to Florida and Missouri. Aug.—Sept. 
Helianthus Dowellianus M. A. Curtis, which differs in being stouter, the stem leafy, the leaves 
merely puberulent, and ranges from the District of Columbia to Georgia, appears to be a race 
of this species. 
