GENUS 76. THISTLE FAMILY. 593 
Leaves ovate, oval, or ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved. 1. M. trinervia. 
Leaves linear, lanceolate, or the basal spatulate, or obovate. 
Chaff of the receptacle linear; leaves linear; western. 2. M. caespi osa. 
Chatf of the receptacle broader; leaves obovate to lanceolate; eastern. 3. M. grandiflora. 
1. Marshallia trinérvia (Walt.) Porter. Broad- 
leaved Marshallia. Fig. 4524. 
Athanasia trinervia Walt. Fl. Car. 201. 1788. 
Marshallia Schreberi Gmelin, Syst. 1208. 1791. 
Marshallia latifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 519. 1814. 
Marshallia trinervia Porter, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 337. 1894. 
Stem simple, or little branched, leafy to or beyond the 
middle, 1°-2° high. Leaves thin, those of the stem 
ovate, oval or ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute or acumi- 
nate at the apex, narrowed to a sessile base, 2’-3’ long, 
g’-18” wide; heads 4’-1’ broad, corolla purplish; bracts 
of the involucre linear-lanceolate, acute, rigid; chaff of 
the receptacle subulate-filiform; pappus scales lanceo- 
late-acuminate from a triangular base; achenes gla- 
brous when mature. 
j In dry soil, Virginia to Alabama and Mississippi. May- 
une. 
aR 
2 
2. Marshallia caespité6sa Nutt. Narrow-leaved 
iil, Marshallia. Fig. 4525. 
CY, Marshallia caespitosa Nutt.; DC. Prodr. 5: 680. 1836. 
RN YY ri c . 
NY Stems usually tufted and simple, sometimes sparingly 
branched, leafy either only near the base or to beyond 
the middle, 8-15’ high. Leaves thick, mostly basal, 
fainily 3-nerved, linear or linear-spatulate, obtuse, some- 
times 4’ long and 3” wide, the upper ones linear, acutish, 
shorter; head about 1’ broad, borne on a peduncle often 
10’ long; corollas pale rose or white; bracts of the invo- 
lucre linear-lanceolate, acute or acutish; chaff of the 
receptacle linear, or slightly dilated above; achenes vil- 
lous on the angles; scales of the pappus ovate, acutish, 
equalling or longer than the achene. 
Prairies and: hills, Missouri and Kansas to Texas. May- 
June. 
3. Marshallia grandiflora Beadle & 
Boynton, Large-flowered Marshallia. 
Fig. 4526. 
Marshallia grandiflora Beadle & Boynton, Bilt- 
more Bot. Stud. 1: 7. 1901. 
Stem simple, 1°-2° high, leafy to above the 
middle. Lower and basal leaves obovate to 
oblong-lanceolate, tapering into petioles often 
as long as the blade, obtuse or obtusish; 
upper leaves lanceolate, sessile, or more or 
less clasping; florets slightly larger than those 
of M. trinervia, 7’-10” long; achenes larger, 
2”-2%” long, pubescent. 
In moist soil, Pennsylvania to West Virginia 
and North Carolina. July—Aug. 
Marshallia obovata (Walt.) Beadle & Boyn- 
ton, a lower plant of the Southern States, with 
obovate or spatulate leaves mainly basal, is re- 
corded as extending northward to southwestern 
Pennsylvania. 
