510 COMPOSITAE. Vor. IIT. 
rather broad, the outer connate at base. Receptacle flat, convex or conic. Ray-flowers fertile, 
the rays short and broad, 3-lobed. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, with 5 short lobes. Anthers 
notched at the base, with rounded auricles. Style- 
branches truncate and penicillate. Achenes turbi- 
nate, pubescent. Pappus of 5-8 acuminate or aristate 
hyaline scales. [Greek, referring to the thin and 
pointed pappus scales. ] 
Type species: Hymenopappus anthemoides Juss. 
1. Hymenoxys odorata DC. Limonillo. 
Fig. 4541. 
Hymenoxys odorata DC. Prodr. §: 661. 1836. 
pea odorata A, Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. (II) 4: 101. 
1849. 
Picradenia odorata Britton, in Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 3: 
449. 1898. 
Beene multiflora Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 459. 
I 2. 
_H. multiflora Rydb. Bull. Torr. Club 33: 157. 1906. 
Annual; stem much branched, puberulent, spar- 
ingly hirsute or glabrous, 1°-2° high, leafy. Leaves 
1’-2" long, 1-3-parted into filiform, entire, somewhat 
pubescent segments about 2” wide; heads commonly 
numerous, 6-10” broad; involucre campanulate, pu- 
berulent, its outer bracts 6-9, lanceolate, keeled, 
acute, united at the base; rays 7-10, cuneate. 
In dry soil, Kansas and Colorado to Texas, Mexico 
and southern California. April—July. 
84. HELENIUM L. Sp. Pl. 886. 1753. 
Erect, mostly branching herbs, with alternate, mainly decurrent, punctate bitter entire or 
dentate leaves, and large peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate, yellow or brownish- 
yellow flowers, or rays sometimes wanting. Involucre broad and short, its bracts in 1 or 2 
series, linear or subulate, reflexed or spreading. Receptacle convex, subglobose or oblong, 
naked. Ray-flowers pistillate and fertile, or neutral, the rays cuneate, 3-5-lobed. Disk- 
flowers perfect, fertile, their corollas 4-5-toothed, the teeth glandular-pubescent. Anthers 
2-toothed or sagittate at the base. Style-branches of the disk-flowers dilated and truncate at 
the apex. Achenes turbinate, ribbed. Pappus of 5-8 entire, dentate or incised, acuminate 
or aristate scales. [The Greek name of some plant, from Helenus or Helena.] 
About 24 species, natives of North and Central America. In addition to the following, some 18 
others occur in the southern and southwestern United States. Type species: Helenium autumnale L. 
Leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, dentate; rays’fertile; disk yellow. 1. H.autumnale. 
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, mainly entire; rays neutral; disk purple. 2. H.nudiflorum. 
Leaves all linear-filiform, entire; rays fertile. 3. H. tenuifolium. 
1. Helenium autumnale L. False or 
Swamp Sunflower. Fig. 4542. 
Helenium autumnale L. Sp. Pl. 886. 1753. 
Helenium pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 287. 1789. 
Helenium autumnale pubescens Britton, Mem. 
Torr. Club 5: 339. 1804. 
Perennial; stem puberulent or glabrous, 
rather stout, narrowly winged by the decur- 
rent bases of the leaves, corymbosely branched 
above, 2°-6° high. Leaves firm, oblong, lan- 
ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or acute 
at apex, narrowed to the sessile base, pinnately 
few-veined, 2’-5’ long, +’-2’ wide, dentate, den- 
ticulate or entire, puberulent, glabrous or pu- 
bescent, bright green; heads numerous, 17-2’ 
broad, borne on long puberulent peduncles; 
bracts of the flattish involucre densely canes- 
cent; rays 10-18, drooping, bright yellow, 
equalling or longer than the globose yellow 
disk, pistillate and fertile, 3-cleft; achenes pu- 
bescent on the angles; pappus scales ovate. 
In swamps and wet meadows, Quebec to Flor- 
ida, Manitoba, Oregon, Nevada and Arizona. Yel- 
low-star. Ox-eye. Sneezeweed. Ascends to 2600 ft. 
in Virginia. Aug.—Oct. 
