GENus 84. THISTLE FAMILY. 511 
2. Helenium nudifldrum Nutt. Purple- 
head Sneezeweed. Fig. 4543. 
Helenium nudiflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 
(II) 7: 384. 1841. 
Detoneds brachypoda T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2: 388. 
1842. 
Perennial; stem mostly slender, puberulent at 
least above, corymbosely branched near the sum- 
mit, 1°-3° high, narrowly winged by the decur- 
rent leaf-bases. Stem leaves lanceolate or linear- 
lanceolate, entire or sparingly denticulate, acute 
or obtusish at the apex, 13’”-3’ long, 2-6” wide, 
sessile; basal and lower leaves spatulate, obtuse, 
more or less dentate, tapering into margined 
petioles; heads several or numerous, 1’-14’ broad, 
on slender or short-puberulent peduncles; rays 
10-15 (sometimes wanting), drooping, yellow, 
yellow with a brown base, or brown throughout, 
3-toothed, neutral, or with rudimentary pistils, 
sterile, equalling or exceeding the brown or 
purple globose disk; pappus scales ovate, aristate. 
In moist soil, Missouri and Illinois to Texas, east 
to North Carolina and Florida. Also locally natural- 
ized from Pennsylvania to Connecticut. June—Oct. 
3. Helenium tenuifoélium Nutt. Fine- 
leaved Sneezeweed. Fig. 4544. 
A, tenuifolium Nutt. Journ. Phil. Acad. 7: 66. 1834. 
Annual; glabrous or minutely pubescent above; 
stem slender, very leafy and usually much 
branched, 8-24’ high. Leaves all linear-filiform, 
entire, sessile, often fascicled, 4’-13’ long, 2” or 
less wide; heads several or numerous, corym- 
bose, 9’—15” broad, borne on slender or filiform 
peduncles; bracts of the involucre few, linear or 
subulate, sometimes pubescent, soon reflexed; 
rays 4-8, fertile, 3-4-toothed, at length drooping, 
longer than the globose disk; achenes villous; 
pappus scales ovate, tipped with slender awns. 
In moist soil, southeastern Virginia to Florida, 
Missouri, Kansas and Texas. Naturalized in waste 
places, northward to Massachusetts, and in Cuba and 
Santo Domingo. Aug.—Oct. 
85. GAILLARDIA Foug. Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris 1786: 5. pl. 1, 2. 1788. 
Branching or scapose, more or less pubescent herbs, with alternate or basal leaves, and 
large peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, or rays wanting. Involucre 
depressed-hemispheric, or flatter, its bracts imbricated in 2 or 3 series, their tips spreading or 
reflexed. Receptacle convex or globose, bristly, fimbrillate or nearly naked. Rays cuneate, 
yellow, purple or parti-colored, neutral or rarely pistillate, 3-toothed or 3-lobed. Disk-flowers 
perfect, fertile, their corollas with slender tubes and 5-toothed limbs, the teeth pubescent with 
jointed hairs. Anthers minutely sagittate or auricled at the base. Style-branches tipped 
with filiform or short appendages. Achenes turbinate, 5-ribbed, densely villous, at least at 
the base. Pappus of 6-12, 1-nerved awned scales, longer than the achene. [Named for M. 
Gaillard de Marentonneau, a French botanist.] 
About 15 species, natives of the south-central part of the United States, and Mexico, 1 in 
southern South America. Type species: Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Called in Texas blanket-flower. 
Stem leafy ; style-tips with filiform hispid appendages. 
Fimbrillae of the receptacle obsolete, or short. 1. G. lutea. 
Fimbrillae subulate or bristle-like, mostly longer than the achenes. : 
Rays yellow; fimbrillae exceeding the achenes. . 2. G. aristata. 
Rays purple, or red at base; fimbrillae about equalling the achenes. 3. G. pulchella, 
Leaves basal; style-tips with short naked appendages ; rays none, or few. 4. G. suavis, 
