COMPOSITAE. Vor. ITI. 
4. Centaurea Scabiosa L. Scabious Knapweed. 
Greater Centaury. Fig. 4659. 
C. Scabiosa L. Sp. Pl. 913. 1753. 
Slightly pubescent or villous, perennial; stem simple 
or branched, about 2° high. Leaves all pinnatifid, the 
lower and basal ones petioled, often 6’ long, the upper 
sessile and much smaller; heads about 2’ broad, on 
bracted peduncles 17-4’ long; involucre ovoid, its bracts 
all pectinate to or below the middle, and blackish-mar- 
gined, the outer ovate, the inner oblong; corolla purple, 
the outer ones enlarged and neutral; pappus of stiff 
bristles, about as long as the achene. 
Waste grounds and fields, Quebec and Ontario to Ohio. 
Naturalized from Europe. July—Sept. 
5. Centaurea vochinensis Bernh. Tyrol Knap- 
weed. Fig. 4660. 
C. vochinensis Bernh.; Reichenb. Icon. Fl. Germ. 15: 15. 
1853. 
Perennial, roughish, branched, 2° high or less. Leaves 
firm in texture, the basal and lower ones dentate or 
lyrate, 3’-5’ long, the upper lanceolate to oblong-lanceo- 
late, few-toothed or entire; heads about 14’ broad; in- 
volucre ovoid-cylindric, about 8” high, its faintly nerved 
bracts pectinate at the brownish tip, the lower short, 
ovate, the upper elongated; flowers rose-purple, the 
margined ones radiant. 
Waste grounds, Ontario to Massachusetts and southern 
New York. Naturalized from Europe. Aug.—Oct. 
6. Centaurea maculésa Lam. Spotted Knap- 
weed. Fig. 4661. 
C. maculosa Lam. Encycl. 1: 669. 1783. 
Annual or biennial, loosely floccose-pubescent or 
glabrate, usually much branched, 2°-3° high, the stiff 
branches ascending. Leaves pinnatifid into linear 
segments, or the upper linear and entire, the lower 
up to 3’ long; heads peduncled, about 10” broad; 
involucre ovoid, its ribbed bracts pectinate only at 
the black tip, the inner ones longer than the outer 
and entire or merely erose; corollas white to purple, 
the marginal ones radiant. 
Waste grounds, Massachusetts to New Jersey and 
Pennsylvania. July-Aug. 
