FUNGI 335 
taken up from the soil by their seeds in the pro- 
cess of germinating, enter into their structure, cir- 
culate through their tissues, remaining all the time 
in a dormant state, until at last, when the part 
which forms the most suitable nidus for them is 
developed, they suddenly appear upon it exter- 
nally in the form of patches or aggregations of 
black or coloured granules. A very interesting 
example of these epiphyllous fungi may be seen 
on the wood-anemone. It is called Puccinia ane- 
mones, and is one of the earliest and commonest 
species. No sooner does the true foliage, proceed- 
ing from the rhizome of the anemone, appear above 
the sod in early spring than several of the leaves 
are seen to be sickly-looking, attenuated, pre- 
maturely developed and rising higher than the 
others. On examination their under surface is seen 
to be covered with brown spots, which bear so 
close a resemblance to the sori of ferns that the 
infected plant used to be classed among ferns, and 
is still considered to be such by neophytes. In 
Ray’s time it was known to botanists as the Con- 
jurer of Chalgrave’s Fern, and ranked with the 
maidenhair and polypody as a rustic remedy. 
Another example of fungi growing on living 
plants is familiar to the farmer under the name of 
‘berberry blight, &cidium berberidis (Fig. 34). 
The theory has long been prevalent among prac- 
