1 8 BACTERIA 



enlargement of one or more cell elements in the chain which 

 thus takes on the function of maternity. On either side of 

 the large coccus may be seen the smaller ones, which it is 

 supposed have contributed of their protoplasm to form a 

 mother cell. An arthrospore is said to be larger, more re- 

 fractile, and more resistant than an ordinary endospore. 

 Many bacteriologists of repute have declined hitherto to 

 definitely accept arthrospore formation as a proved fact. 



It is important to note that spore formation in bacteria 

 must not be considered as a method of multiplication. The 



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Various Forms of Spore Formation and Flagella 

 A. Stages in formation of spore and its after development. B. Spirillum with terminal flagella. 



general rule is undoubtedly that one bacillus produces one 

 spore, and one spore germinates into one bacillus. It is a re- 

 production, not a multiplication. Indeed, the whole process 

 is of the nature of a resting stage, and is due {a) to the 

 arrival of the adult bacillus at its biological zenith, or {b) to 

 the conditions in which it finds itself being unfavourable 



