HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 108 
three years of selection in order to make a successful wilt-resistant cot- 
tote and this emergency appropriation will lapse on the ist of July, 
05. 
The Cuarrman. Yes, and this appropriation would also lapse in the 
same way. 
Mr. Gattoway. Our idea has been that we should carry all of our 
salaried men, our regular men, not on this emergency appropriation, 
but only extra men, so that we do not want to get our Poealne men into 
this service. 
The Caarrman. If they were detailed especially to do that work, to 
which appropriation would you charge that? 
Mr. Gattoway. To the regular appropriation. 
The Cuarrman. If they were on the lump-sum roll? 
Mr. Gatioway. I prefer that we should have them on the regular 
appropriation, because the emergency appropriation is temporary. 
We do not want to get men through the civil service for this tempo- 
rary work. We do not want to get loaded up with a lot of men and 
then not be able to unload them afterwards. 
Mr. Woops. I might say that while the cotton is the keystone of 
this work for which we are asking an increased appropriation, there 
are other problems that have to be considered in connection with the 
wilt resistance. One is the rotation of cotton with the cowpea. The 
cowpea also has a disease like the cotton wilt, but we also have a num- 
ber of resistant cowpeas that will grow in infected soil and these can 
be rotated with resistant cotton. The Iron cowpea we spoke of before 
the committee last year was very successful, but it does not produce 
enough forage or pease per acre, so that we have crossed the Little 
Iron cowpea with the Wonderful, and we have thereby secured a 
hybrid which is resistant and which has the yielding power of the 
Wonderful. 
Mr. GatLoway. Here is a group of pods [showing a photograph] 
from a nonresistant pea and here is a pile from the resisting pea, 
Mr. Burteson. Do you know what causes the cotton wilt 4 
Mr. Woops. Yes, sir. 
Mr. Buriteson. Now, if you will produce a cotton wilt resistant, 
after the lapse of three or four years will not the original conditions 
that caused the cotton wilt pass away? Will it not have to have some- 
thing to feed upon in order to perpetuate itself? 
Mr. Woops. I should think so. But we know that this cotton wilt 
is the result of a parasite, and we know that this parasite can live in 
the soil for ten years, and we have found some cases where it is known 
to have lived twenty years. But if we continue the cultivation of 
resistant cottons the parasite will finally die out, but it will take a long 
time. 
Mr. Hewry. Is the wilt due to a parasite at the root? 
Mr. Woops. Yes, sir; we have cultures of it. 
Mr. Scorr. Do you know why it is that one variety resists this para- 
site and another variety does not? 
Mr. Woops. We have studied that question, and it seems to us that it 
is due to some actual physiological constitution of the plant. To illus- 
trate: We find in a normal plant that there are certain substances 
called oxidizing ferments or enzymes. They are possibly a chemical 
means by which the living protoplasm of the plant secures oxygen 
and breathes like an animal. We find that when this ferment is 
