HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 109 
The next item is an increase of $400 in connection with the hardy 
orange. We are spending $1,558 on the hardy orange work. I will 
pass around some photographs of what we have thus far secured in 
this work. The small orange in the center [referring to the photo- 
graph] was the original with which we started. We are trying to get 
an orange that will grow throughout Florida and be a resistant to frost, 
and we have succeeded in ering hybrids which are extremely resist- 
ant. The particular hybrid we are working with now is resistant as 
far north as Washington, D. C. This generation of oranges has pro- 
duced a lot of seed, and from these we expect to get the variety that 
will give usa resistant Florida sweet orange with all the good qualities 
of the latter. 
Mr. Scorr. What is the difference between an orange and a lemon 
in the beginning? Are they of a different family? 
Mr. Woops. They belong to the same genus, but are of a different 
species—— 
Mr. Grarr. You [addressing Mr. Scott] would be a good man to 
send out to buy oranges. 
Mr. Woops. You can cross any of tbe citrus species and produce 
intermediate forms. This [indicating on the photograph] is an inter- 
mediate form. The increased appropriation we ask for this item is 
$400, and we need that because it requires a considerable amount of 
work to test these new varieties and propagate them. 
The Cuarrman. Is all this growing done under natural conditions? 
Mr. Woops. Yes, sir. 
The Cuarrman. Not conditions that would not apply to the average 
farmer? 
Mr. Woops. No; we germinate the hybrid seeds and start them in 
the greenhouse, and then send them to the South to our subtropical 
garden. 
The CHatrMan. It is practical work? 
Mr. Gattoway. Our seedlings are distributed and tested. Some- 
times our hybrids, when not valuable for fruit, are valuable for 
hedges. The fruit will be valuable all over the South as a marmalade 
fruit. It will be planted in every back yard. It could not be pro- 
duced in any other way, and while it may not be valuable to put it in 
commercial orchards, it will be a valuable home fruit. 
Mr. Bowrz. It will have the hardiness necessary to withstand the 
cold? 
Mr. Woops. Yes, sir; it isimportant to the Florida people to grow 
an orange in competition with Porto Rican and other new orange dis- 
tricts. There is no doubt we can produce an orange that will grow 
there, and be as good as their present orange and withstand the frost. 
The Cuarrman. I am not sure but that the cotton-boll weevil and 
other things of that character are rather gifts of God, in this, that 
they have compelled these people to pick up other things, and not 
cultivate the same one crop. Perhaps [laughing] you ought not to 
stop the cotton-boll weevil. 
Mr. Gattoway. Dr. Herbert J. Webber, of the Bureau, in charge of 
this work of citrus fruits, has produced what he calls a tangelo, a hybrid 
fruit obtained from crossing the tangerine, or ‘‘ kid-glove” orange, 
with the pomelo, or grape fruit. The grape fruit has some objection- 
able points; you have to eat it with a spoon. But this hybrid isa 
combination that has not that objection, and it is delicious in flavor. 
