110 HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 
Then he has produced another cross which he calls a tangerine orange. 
It has resulted in putting more sweetness into the tangerine, and 
making it two weeks earlier in Florida than before, and it gives an 
orange larger in size and having more spiciness in it than the ordinary 
tangerine. ; 
Mr. Grarr. Is a pomelo and the grape fruit the same thing? 
Mr. GaLLoway. Vos, sir. 
Mr. Woops. The new tangerine, or ‘‘ kid-glove ” grape fruit, is the 
best thing of the kind ever produced. It is about the size of an ordi- 
nary orange. ura 
Mr. Bowrs. The tangerine needs to be larger than it is? 
Mr. Woops. Yes, sir. Our tangerine orange hybrid is much larger. 
I am not including a lot of things here, for it will take really a day to 
go over them all. ; 
The CuHarrman. We want to hear chiefly about your increases. 
Mr. Woops. The next increase is in regard to Indian corn improve- 
ment. We ask an increase of $500, making the appropriation $4,559. 
Now the importance of that industry 
Mr. Bows. Can you not leave off the nine? 
Mr. Woops. I have simply given the actual figures here. 
Mr. Grarr. You had better make it $9,000. 
Mr. Woops. It should be very much larger; but if we can get even 
an increase of $500 it will help us to carry on our work. 
The Cuarrman. What are you doing along that line? I thought 
corn was one of the things that was about finished. 
Mr. Grarr. No; that is just in its infancy. 
Mr. Woops. We are just starting in oncorn. The corn industry of 
the United States, of course, has developed wonderfully and the aver- 
age yield per acre has increased. We have not begun to produce per 
acre what it is possible to produce by carefully selected seed. The 
fact is, corn is susceptible to vast improvements; in the question of 
production alone, by simple seed selection, in a very high degree. 
This has been shown by the work of the Illinois experiment station 
and other stations. The food value of the corn can be greatly 
increased. The protein content and oil content, and the shape, size, 
and distribution of the kernels on the cob can be increased. 
Mr. Burtxeson. Diminishing the size of the cob and increasing the 
size of the kernel? 
Mr. Woops. Yes, sir; and filling out both ends and increasing the 
number of good ears per stalk can be accomplished by selection of seed; 
so that the possibilities in that direction are very great. 
Mr. Grarr. I was surprised to see in a recent publication—in the 
last Year Book—by C. P. Hartly, in the Department, that the average 
yield of corn per acre was a good deal less in corn States than it was 
in the New England States; and that undoubtedly must be due artly 
to fertilization and more thorough cultivation in small areas, though 
it is also due to lack of attention to the seed, and must be due to some 
extent to the me amount of nonproductive stalks. I noticed also in 
an article which I saw, written by A. D. Shammel, in the report of the 
transactions of the State board of agriculture, that a count had been 
made for the State of Illinois by a number of young men who were 
farmers, scattered over the State, and the result showed that about 
30 per cent of the stalks were nonproductive. That is very startling, 
and if these conditions are true it seems to me that is a very important 
thing to look into and to spend a little money on it. 
