HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITEE ON AGRICULTURE. 119 
Mr. Gattoway. It produces the wheat all right, but in the soft- 
wheat belt it does not produce the real macaroni wheat. It comes 
near to being ordinary wheat when grown in wet or moist sections, 
and we do not recommend its use in the wet sections because it would 
interfere with the ordinary soft wheat. 
Mr. Grarr. Suppose a rainfall of 16 inches—that is, the annual rain- 
fall of Kingsbury County, South Dak.—how would it do there? 
Mr. Woops. lt would do all right. 
Mr. Grarr. Is that a small rainfall? 
Mr. Woops. If it is properly distributed it would grow all right. 
The CuarrMan. Youmean if the precipitation is distributed properly 4 
Mr. Woops. Yes, sir. 
Mr. Scorr. Do they sow this seed in the fall? 
Mr. Woops. Usually in the spring. 
My. Srirtman. They sow it in the State of Washington, in central 
Washington, in the spring. 
Mr. Grarr. This is raised as far south as the Dakotas? 
Mr. Woops. We have a dozen or fifteen different types of macaroni 
wheat. Some types do well in the North, and others in the central 
portions of the country, and others in the South. What we are doing 
on macaroni wheat this year is simply to study and fix the different 
types, and we will probably stop that work within a year or so. 
Mr. Henry. Does the macaroni wheat find a market? 
The CuarrmMan. He has just gone through with that. 
Mr. Gattoway. We sent out, not long ago, bread as samples all 
over the country—bread made from macaroni wheat—and we had some 
controversy with the Northwestern Millers’ Association about it. 
Mr. Woops. The bread was very good and was sent to experts con- 
nected with the Minneapolis Millers’ Association, and they pronounced 
the macaroni wheat bread to be the spring wheat bread of extra fine 
uality. 
Me Onin Is it not true that the spring wheat is really moving 
north? 
Mr. Woops. Well, yes. Spring wheat is pretty well confined to 
the northern section. We are trying to force the winter-sown wheats 
north now, because the winter wheats are better yielders and the mill- 
ers want more winter wheat, so that we are spending this year on 
hardy winter wheat which we have introduced from Russia about 
$2,000, and we want to concentrate the work on these hardy winter 
wheats this next year; and besides the money that we have, we want to 
spend about $2,000 in addition in increasing the northern and western 
range of winter wheat. 
Mr. Grarr. They grow no winter wheat in the Dakotas, do they? 
Mr. Woops. Yes, we have winter wheat which will grow in South 
Dakota and possibly North Dakota and in Minnesota, perhaps a hundred 
miles west and north of the present winter-wheat belt; and if we can 
introduce these three varieties which we have been testing, and which 
have proved hardy, in that area, it will greatly increase the output of 
winter wheat. 
Mr. Grarr. I talked with one of the prominent officials of the 
Northern Pacific Railroad, I think the general superintendent, and he 
stated that the growth of spring wheat was lessening in the Northwest 
and the cultivation and growing of it was going north rapidly toward 
Canada; and it struck me that it was a very important fact, because 
he had charge of the wheat business of the road, and knew what the 
