HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 125 
Mr. Gattoway. That is what we propose. 
Mr. Scorr. How much of a beginning did you have to have to insure 
a continuing supply ? 
Mr. GaLtoway. Qne organism is all. 
Mr. Grarr. What do you have to apply to it to multiply it? What 
is the farmer told to do in order to multiply it? 
Mr. Woops. He adds more of the substance contained in packages 
Nos. 1 and 3, certain chemicals and some sugar. 
Mr. Grarr. And are those chemicals cheap? 
Mr. Woops. Yes; they are cheap, ard can be obtained anywhere in 
the United States. 
Mr. Scorr. If you use that same operation with safeguards, could 
you keep it up to the standard? 
Mr. Woops. Oh, yes. 
Mr. Scorr. So you do not have to go back to the beginning? 
Mr. Woops. Oh, no; not at all now. 
Mr. GatLoway. As a matter of fact, we adopt more strict methods 
for keeping these things pure, because the moment you expose them 
to air you have contamination at once, and then you have to retest 
frequently to see that you have nothing but the pure organism present. 
Otherwise, an antagonizing organism would come in and run the other 
out in three or four days. 
Mr. Woops. It would not do, either, to use with this stimulant, and 
we say if used it is only to reduce the nitrogen-fixing power. It con- 
tains ammonia, and so it is not safe to use it all the time. We always 
take our original cultures from stocks that have been grown on nitro- 
gen-free material. 
Mr. Scorr. Is that stimulus invented in our Department? 
Mr. Woops. It is not an invention, but might be called a discovery. 
Yes; it was discovered in our Department. 
The Caarrnman. How is this used after the farmer has it ready for 
use; does he sprinkle the seeds? 
Mr. Woops. Yes; in an ordinary sprinkling pot. If he has not a 
sprinkling pot he can pour it over the seeds. 
Mr. Henry. You dry the seeds, then? 
Mr. Woops. Yes; we dry the seeds, and it will stay as long as the 
seeds are dry. You can keep the seeds a year, if you choose. 
Mr. Gatuoway. The seed is put in the ground, and the moment 
the smallest root starts these organisms get on it and begin to form 
these little tubicles at once and they fix the nitrogen. 
The Cuarrman. On what crops do you advise its use? 
Mr. Woops. On clovers and cowpeas and soy beans and every one 
of the leguminous crops used for rotation in different parts of the 
country. If they do not have these organisms on their roots they 
depend on the soil for their nitrogen and exhaust the soil the same as 
other crops. 
Mr. Grarr. You have a different bacteria for different plants? 
Mr. Woops. We havea different bacteria for different plants, there 
are three kinds of them here. 
Mr. Bowrs. Have you one for the cowpeas? 
Mr. Woops. Yes; we have them for all the different plants and we 
are getting them for every leguminous crop. 
Mr. Brooks. Do the experiment stations know this? 
Mr. Woops. Yes. We have had applications from a great many of 
