146 HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 
The Cuarrman. The point is after you have proved it you can not 
force the steamship company to do it? : 
Mr. Taytor. Except through competition; if we can point out the 
best way, as in the case of our storage houses, where they are in com- 
etition with each other. If one adopts an improved method the others 
ave to come to it. 
The Cuarrman. That is so. 
Mr. Taytor. And the principal thing is to convince them of the 
necessity of adopting it. It is just the same as with land storage in 
regard to the temperature of peaches and pears. As soon as we can 
demonstrate that 
The Cuairman. Do you ever do that in regard to the storage of 
fruits, etc., on land, to any extent? 
Mr. Taytor. Yes, we have here two bulletins that are being dis- 
tributed, one on the cold storage of the pear and peach, the other on 
the cold storage of the apple. The results of our storage of the last 
two years have been these bulletins, and this is still in progress. 
These are bulletins which I would say contain the consolidated experi- 
ence and observation and results of our work up to the present time— 
up to this present season; and these bulletins are being taken as guides 
by the land storage men. 
The Cuarrman. I thought it had all been settled, temperatures and 
that sort of thing? 
Mr. Taytor. No, sir. When we took hold of the question three 
years ago we found the whole matter of temperatures was in a theo- 
retical condition. 
The Cuarrman. Three years ago; oh, yes 
Mr. Taytor. And we had to work up to it from the beginning each 
time in order to know surely the condition of the material that we 
were using. The storage men have been handling apples as they were 
delivered to them, not knowing their previous history. 
The Cuairman, 1 think three or four years ago there were very 
few cold-storage plants for apples; I think they have all sprung up in 
the last two or three years, in the rural districts, at least. 
Mr. Taytor. That is true, yes. 
The Cuarrman. I should judge that, so that the questions in regard 
to them were all settled. 
Mr. Tayrtor. No, sir; some of our most interesting work has been 
done in the city of Buffalo in the past year in determining the ques- 
tion, not only the question of temperature for pears, but also the ques- 
tion of the packing for pears to determine whether or not a package 
will cool quickly enough through its whole extent to insure the cessa- 
tion of the ripening of the fruit, as for instance, in this plate [indicat- 
ing]. These are pears one week after they were placed in storage. 
The upper one shows the condition of the fruit, the average condition 
of the fruit at the middle point of the barrel, and this [indicating] shows 
the condition next to the stave. The contents had not cooled rapidly 
enough to check the ripening in the middle, so upon moving the to 
layer you could discern a marked difference in the ripening and shad- 
ing in the color. Now, that means, especially in warm weather, that 
a smaller package must be used for the storage of a perishable fruit 
like the Bartlett pear. 
Our work has demonstrated that a 40-pound box, such as we are 
using in the export work, which has been found well adapted to that, 
