HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 147 
is very much preferable to the barrel as a storage package. The stor- 
age houses have even gone to this extent as a result of that: They have 
placed a higher relative rate upon pears in barrels than in boxes in 
order to destroy the use of barrels for storage, simply because they 
feel that the poorer-keeping quality in barrels will militate against 
their reputation as storage men if the stuff comes into their house; 
and the storage men on land are getting an account of it and shaping 
their work according to that very rapidly. 
Another important thing has been the question of the necessity for 
pout storing throughout after itis removed from the trees. I have 
ere a water-colored plate—no, this happens to be a question of a dif- 
ference of 4° in temperature, pretty nearly the difference we are dis- 
cussing with the steamboats and the Englishmen at the present time. 
This was a 32° temperature for two months—no, this was the 36° tem- 
perature, and this a 32° temperature [exhibiting picture]. 
The Cairman. For how many months? 
' Taytor. Two months, which is about the commercial storage 
imit. 
The Cuarrman. Of the pear? 
Mr. Taytor. Of the Bartlett pear; yes. 
The Cuarrman. This is about the most tender pear you have, is it not? 
Mr. Taytor. Yes; and one of the best appreciated pears in the 
market. 
A Memper. The sweetest? 
Mr. Taytor. Not the sweetest; but it is a pear that has a combina- 
tion of sprightliness of flavor and sweetness that makes it very popular. 
Mr. Gauioway. There is a point that Mr. Taylor has not made, and 
that is that in the course of these investigations it has been found that 
pears picked from different parts of the same tree at different times of 
the day vary a great deal in keeping in good condition. A fruit, for 
instance, has a certain life to go through, and one day’s difference in 
picking will make two months’ difference, sometimes, in the time it 
keeps, that hinging upon the difference in temperature at the time of 
icking. 
7 The Cian Aw. I should think there would be a good deal of differ- 
ence as to whether the fruit was cool or not at the time it was picked. 
Mr. Gatioway. And the question of soil has a good deal to do with 
it. The same fruit in the same orchard will have different keeping 
qualities, dependent on the nature of the soil. 
Mr. Tarytor. I am glad Doctor Galloway spoke of that fact. Here 
is a case of delay in transit [indicating on picture]. These specimens 
were kept in 32°, which is our approved temperature for pears. 
This one was stored immediately after picking [indicating on picture] 
and was removed from storage and this picture made three months 
after it was stored. In this case this was delayed ten days after pick- 
ing before being placed in storage. It was stored in the same room, 
the packages being side by side, so that they were subjected to exactly 
the same conditions. The internal discoloration of this pear, which 
rendered it valueless for any commercial use, is thoroughly character- 
istic of delay. 
The Cuarrman. That is, a long delay ? ; 
Mr. Tartor. Yes; but it has this bearing on this question. Shall 
we store Illinois pears in New York City or in Illinois; shall we ship 
them in common cars, or shall we ship them in refrigerator cars, which 
