170 HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 
of the richest sections of the corn belt to carry on feeding experi- 
ments. 
The Cuatrman. Of grass? 
Mr. Srittman. Yes, sir; grasses. That is, we are testing clover as 
against timothy and corn fodder as against cowpeas—the forage 
plants for finishing off cattle. Now, we are doing that in a State that 
urges that we ought to be giving them $100,000 a year; but we do not 
give them a cent. 
Mr. Scorr. I think it would be a good idea for you to name that 
State. It might prompt the legislature to do its duty. 
Mr. Sprttman. I happen to be a native of it, so I can abuse it all I 
want to. It is the State of Missouri. 
The CHatrman. That State is backward in those things? 
Mr. Gatitoway. In regard to the statement that Mr. Rodey makes, 
I would say, that that station is occupied with a good many other 
problems which are probably considered more important than those 
of cattle feeding. It is occupied with a number of important problems 
on irrigation and the growing of particular crops. It is doing a good 
deal of work on date culture, and with the $15,000 that it has its 
officers probably consider they are doing their duty when they are 
taking up the immediate problems and left those more general problems 
to the other stations of the Government. 
Mr. Sprttman. Another thing, New Mexico is not a populous Ter- 
ritory and the legislature there can not afford to be very liberal to the 
Experiment Station. 
Mr. Gattoway. Missouri does not need any defense. So far as 
Missouri is concerned in the matter of experimental work, this work 
we took up there was not at the request of Missouri but at the sug- 
gestion of Secretary Simms, who wanted certain important problems 
worked out with reference to native grasses; and we found, as a mat- 
ter of fact, that Missouri to-day is the only State where we can get the 
fullest and most hearty cooperation in work. That is the Missouri 
people put it in this way: ‘‘ Here is the station, here are people, here 
are our grounds; come and do as you please, and we do not ask you 
to put any money in this unless you can come here and see how the 
money is spent.” 
Mr. Sprttman. Another point which has been receiving a good deal 
of attention with us is winter pastures in the Southern States. We 
believe it is possible to, keep stock on pastures the whole year in the 
Southern States, and we are experimenting with a number of crops 
with the view to using them for pasture in the winter time. Summer 
pasture is abandoned down there. The farmers are not familiar with 
the things that can be used for winter pasture, and do not know how 
to grow them. We are experimenting along that line to find out 
ourselves how to grow them, and what crops are best to grow, and 
the conditions that will enable farmers to use the crops. 
Another line of work that we have given always some attention to 
is the range work of the West. A good many phases of the work we 
have considered solved, so we have got the investigation. But there 
are some other phases that have become rather ressing at present. 
They do not know what to do with the range lands in the West. 
Eighty-two per cent of the area of the United States is range land. 
Only 18 per cent is considered improved land—of that 414,000,00¢ 
acres, considered improved land. 
