236 HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 
We could not tell by the analysis whether an oil is a California oil or an 
Italian oil. Our own people have been practicing some of these same 
tricks in regard to selling the cheaper oils for olive oil, but to a very 
limited extent. ; 
Mr. Haucen. These firms that are held up continue to make those 
inferior goods? 
Mr. Wier. No; that is the point. When we find a cargo that is 
wrong we give the man time to introduce evidence; we condemn no 
man without a hearing. We inform him officially that his cargo has 
been inspected and found to contain so and so contrary to the law, and 
we give him reasonable time to introduce evidence, cither in person or 
by attorney or by letter, and we say to him, if you do not answer by 
such and such a date the case will be decided without taking any further 
evidence; and if we do not hear from him we decide it without any 
further hearing, or going into the matter further. 
The CHarrman. Then you insist on the goods being returned to 
Europe? 
Mr. Wireyr. Yes; to Europe or somewhere else. Our instructions 
require them to be shipped beyond the jurisdiction of the United States; 
we do not say where they shall go. 
Mr. Scotr. Have you ever had a case where the man presented his 
evidence and secured a different verdict from the one you have 
rendered ? 
Mr. Witzy. We have had a great many cases where men have pre- 
sented evidence and a few in which they have secured different ver- 
dicts or modifications. The evidence is usually this: ‘‘Our firm has 
been established for 150 years and has never before been charged with 
selling an adulterated article.” We do not accept that evidence 
against our own analysis. Then when we insist upon our position and 
finally convince them that our analysis of their goods is correct they 
write that they have found that our analysis is correct and that their 
own chemist has found it so, but that it was adulterated accidentally. 
The Cuarrman. I dare say that a lot of them do not really know that 
their goods are adulterated, for they must get them in different ways. 
Mr. Winey. Yes; they buy them in different lots. The second time 
an offense occurs we require the return of the goods, and we do not 
permit -a man to import twice under the concession which has been 
made. The result is that this one firm which we speak of, in which 
every one of the invoices was found to be wrong, has in the last month 
sent the genuine articles. Every one of the invoices from that firm 
during that time has been found to be all right. 
The Cuarrman. How many ports have you applied this work to? 
Mr. Witey. The following: Mostly New York, of course, because 
perhaps 85 per cent of all the imports are made at the port of New 
York; Boston, Philadelphia, Charleston, New Orleans, San Francisco, 
Chicago, Cleveland, Minneapolis, St. Louis, and Denver. 
The Cuarrman. The bulk of the oil comes in through New Orleans, 
does it not? 
Mr. Wuey. A great deal of olive oil comes to New Orleans, and a 
large quantity of the wines imported, but most of them come in at 
New York. Even when they go to those other ports eventually they 
often pass through New York, Philadelphia, or Boston in the first 
instance, and then are consigned under bond to those other ports. 
Now, while on this subject—because it seems to me this is the most 
