HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 269 
ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT. 
_ It has been necessary to rent a special building for the accommodation of the work- 
ing force, which consists of a specialist on forest insects, in charge; 3 field and office 
assistants, 1 stenographer, and 1 artist. 
PLAN OF WORK. 
The entomologist in charge and the 3 assistants engage in active field work during 
the spring, summer, and fall months, and devote the winter months, in the office 
and laboratories, to working up notes for permanent record and publication. 
Two field stations have been established and equipped for the northwestern and 
southeastern problems, and it is planned to establish two more, one in the southwest, 
for study and experiments relating to the special trouble affecting the pines of that 
region; the other in the northeast, to make a detailed study of the insect enemies of 
the spruce. 
The organization and equipment of this work has been a heavy draft on the avail- 
able funds of the division, in addition to those advanced by the Bureau of Forestry 
in cooperative work; therefore, for its proper support in the future it would require 
an annual expenditure of at least $20,000. 
Mr. Howarp (resuming). We wish, for example, to have 5 investi- 
gators in this line, who will be paid $6,000 for the whole 5. We will 
need a stenographer and 2 lets also. We want to establish 4 field 
stations, each with an assistant in charge. And we want traveling 
expenses for the service. We wantadditional equipment of the office, 
laboratory, and field stations. We think $20,000 could be expended 
on this branch of the service economically. 
The Cuarrman. For the investigation of forests? 
Mr. Howarp. Forest insects. We have been doing a certain 
amount of work already, but we have had to ask for the cooperation 
of the Bureau of Forestry. 
Mr. Scott. Have you accomplished anything? 
Mr. Howarp. We have accomplished a great deal, sir. Allow me 
to aa you to a few extracts from this memorandum, which I will 
read: 
RESULTS. 
While this special work has been in operation less than two years, some phenom- 
enal results have been attained, especially in demonstrating that millions of dollars 
of the annual losses can be prevented by inexpensive adjustments in ordinary lum- 
bering and business methods and forest management based on the knowledge of the 
habits of the insects and the unfavorable conditions of their life and destructive work. 
This has been shown in recent published reports on results and progress of the work, 
and the recommendations are being adopted in the practical lumbering operations of 
the spruce forests of Maine to control the ravages of the spruce bark beetle; in the 
Black Hills Forest Reserve in controlling the pine-destroying beetle; in the manage- 
ment of a private estate in New Mexico to control insect enemies of the pine; in the 
cypress lumber operations in the South to prevent damage to girdled trees by insects; 
in the mahogany industry to prevent losses by insects from introduced and native 
species; on Belle Isle Park, Detroit, in the control of the hickory bark beetle; in the 
tan bark industry to avoid the destruction of bark by insects; in the care of handles 
and seasoned wood products to prevent damage by the powder post beetle; in working 
plans for farmers’ wood lots, large private estates, and Government reserves. 
Large private interests in the South, West, and Northeast have been cooperating 
in the most liberal manner in the execution of expensive experiments to determine 
important facts relating to practical methods of preventing losses. Indeed, it is real- 
ized that the field in this new line of work by the Department is an important and 
comprehensive one which is most promising in practical results toward the protec- 
tion and perpetuation of our forest reserves. 
The principal cost of this work is the salaries of experts to conduct the investiga- 
tions; their expenses in active field work; facilities for working up results; and 
classification and care of the collections in the office and laboratories. 
The present members of the working force have demonstrated their ability to 
