HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRIOULTURE. 285 
Mr. Bowns. Has he charge of the office, you say, half of the time? 
Mr. Merriam. He has all the time. He has absolute charge of the 
office. This year for several months when I was in the field —— 
Mr. Bows. Does he ever do field work ¢ 
Mr. Merriam. He has done field work for a number of years; he 
has had charge of parties in New Mexico, Nevada, California, Ari- 
zona, etc. 
ne Bowie. You get expenses in addition to salary when on field 
work? 
Mr. Merrram. In field work we get traveling expenses. We do not 
get per diem, we get actual expenses. 
Mr. Haucen. Are you allowed subsistence, then, besides railroad 
expenses? 
Mr. Merriam. Yes, in the field. 
Mr. Havucen. But no fixed price? 
Mr. Merriam. No. It varies from 10 cents a day up to about 50 
cents; sometimes 60, in the field—in regular field work. 
a Bow1s. Ten cents a day, up to 50 or 60; what do you mean by 
that? 
Mr. Merriam. Subsistence while actually in the field—field work. 
Our field expenses for subsistence have ranged from 10 cents a day up 
to 50 and 60; I think 60 cents is about the highest. 
Mr. Bowin. Does that include your board? 
My. Merriam. That is board. 
Mr. Bowir. I was wondering how you got it. 
Mr. Merriam. Camp fare is not Delmonico. 
Mr. Grarr. I want to ask one question, Mr. Chairman. Your 
division is not in a bureau? 
Mr. Merriam. No; it is a division, and it has no near relations with 
any existing bureau. 
Mr. Grarr. For how long? 
Mr. Merriam. Always. 
Mr. Grarr. Is that usually the case, that a division is not a part of 
some bureau ? 
Mr. Merriam. That gradeof divisions. The history of the divisions 
in the Department of Agriculture on different lines of inquiry is that 
they were created, established there by the Secretary or by Congress— 
usually by Congress—as divisions, and during the past few years they 
have been taken up one at a time and given bureau rank. 
Mr. Henry. The Department itself was once a bureau. 
Mr. Merriam. Yes. 
Mr. Henry. And a part of the Department of the Interior? 
Mr. Merriam. Yes, sir. ‘ 
The Cuatrman. Doctor, coming down to your increase, last year 
you had $51,850; you had $50,000 in round figures for the lump 
appropriations—— 
Mr. Merriam. $33,000 for the lump sum. : 
The Cuarrman. $34,000 for your lump sum, and increased to $50,000. 
Mr. Merriam. Yes; a part of that is for a special purpose. 
The Cuarrman. The committee would like to know what is the need 
of this increase, and what you propose to do with it. ; 
Mr. Merriam. The need of it is along the three different lines of 
inquiry that the Biological Survey has always carried on, or, rather, 
has carried on within the last few years. For the last sixteen or 
