432 HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 
then, and exclude the others. Now, an interesting fact comes to my 
attention with regard to our work in the Southern States. 
Mr. Henry. Right there; the Connecticut experimental station, 
under Doctor Jenkins’s supervision, has been conducting experiments 
during the last year right along in that direction and he has made 
some—— 
Secretary Wizson. We kept a man under Galloway’s supervision 
there last summer, and we will keep him there next summer, and we 
will probably settle it. 
I sent two scientists to Cuba. I said to them, ‘‘Go and find out 
where they grow that fine aromatic tobacco; study the conditions 
under which they do it; ascertain the intelligence they bring to bear 
on that matter; bring back some of the soil with you, and find out 
what per cent of the leaf they get is first-rate aromatic leaf.” They 
did. We analyzed the soil, and the problem was to find that soil 
somewhere under the American flag. They found it in South Caro- 
lina, Alabama, and Texas. We have been growing that fine tobacco, 
and we find now, say, 30 percent of that fine aromatic leaf growing 
there from seed brought from Cuba. Probably there will be 40 or 50 
per cent of it when the uipening process is completed that is not the kind 
of tobacco we want; and, harking back to Cuba, we find they do not 
get more than 40 or 50 per cent of aromatic tobacco in the Veult Abajo 
District, which is famous throughout the world. 
The question comes as to what is the matter with the Cuban. He 
don’t know anything about the plant. He plants a tobacco plant; it 
grows up and he cuts it off and makes tobacco out of that. It grows 
up again; he cuts it off again and makes tobacco out of it. That is the 
second crop. It grows up again, and he saves the weakly suckers for 
seed, and it is injuring his plant. They have no plant phvsiologists. 
The Cuban minister and Cuban people know that. Minister Queseda 
has been to see me, to get a man to go down and superintend that kind: 
of work for them. I think we are far advanced in this, but not quite 
far enough to do that yet. : 
Now then, Mr. Chairman, the soil men have done their part in pro- 
ducing that fine aromatic filler tobacco that makes the Havana cigar. 
I must turn to Mr. Galloway now, and bring in that Bureau, and have 
them take hold of these tobaccos that are growing now in these three 
southern states, tag the plants and save the seed from them, and get 
rid of that 50 per cent of tobacco, which is really good tobacco, but 
not the finest; and eventually we will have a uniform crop, not only 
of Sumatra, but also of the fine Cuban leaf. This is an illustration, of 
the unity of the Department of Agriculture. We have not anything 
there that we do not need. 
The time comes when one bureau has to help another, and that is 
where a Secretary is required to be not only as harmless as a dove, but 
as wise asa serpent, sometimes, in order to get that beautiful, fraternal 
harmony that might not voluntarily come if he did not happen to be 
around sometimes. We have a very harmonious Department, how- 
ever, and things are going along, but it comes to the time when one 
bureau chief who has 200 men under him finds there is work to do 
that he can not do—somebody else must take hold and do it. 
Mr. Scorr. Mr. Secretary, reverting a moment to the beet-sugar 
question, I would like to inquire whether the industry has advanced 
