HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 443 
have been put to the credit of the United States by the farmer after 
paying the adverse balance against the United States on account of 
other trade. 
Mr. Lams. Mr. Secretary, you saw what Mr. Chamberlain said 
about that a day or two ago. We have been building up our manu- 
factures. 
Secretary Wriison. Manufactures are growing in the United States, 
and the farmer wants to have them grow in order to furnish a market 
for his products; and the American farmer always has the manufac- 
turer in mind. At the same time, the manufacturer has not come to 
the place where he can sell enough to equal the manufactures we buy. 
We buy more than we sell, and the farmer makes up the difference 
and puts some three or four or five millions of dollars to the credit of 
the country every year in addition. The work of this committee—the 
work of this Department—is what is helping to do it. I want to see 
every mortal thing that is produced or can be produced on American 
soil produced here—that we want to use. We have been paving a 
hundred million dollars a year, and more every year, for the winds 
and waters that blow and flow over the country, that are changed by 
foreigners into sugar. 
Why should we pay that $100,000,000? Have we not got winds and 
waters enough at home? Why should we not do that? We sell every 
year, on an average, $850,000,000 worth from our fields; but we buy 
from foreign fields something like half that amountall the time. Well, 
now, of that half, part of it can be grown in the United States—say 
the half of that half. A fourth of all we import can be grown in the 
United States. I am speaking of things in the fields—sugar and a 
reat many other things that we are buying; those things can be pro- 
Saded here,-and it is the aim of this committee, I hope, and of this 
Department of Agriculture, I know, to encourage the production of 
all those things we are paying that $200,000,000 for. Now, the $200,- 
000,000 worth that we can not produce in the United States, such as 
coffee, and rubber, and spices, and things of that kind, can be produced 
in these new island groups of ours. 
Mr. Lams. People can not sell everything and buy nothing, though, 
can they? Of course I do not wish to get into an economic discussion. 
Secretary Witson. We own the territory and we can produce every- 
thing we want under the American flag. Of course-our ladies want 
to buy feathers, and diamonds, and laces, and all that, from foreign 
countries, but there is no reason why these things should not be made 
here some day. 
The CuarrMan. Including diamonds, I suppose? 
Secretary Witson. Including diamonds. 
Mr. Scorr. 1 would like you to say a word or two about the work 
of the Biological Survey. I think some of us got the impression from 
the hearings we have had hitherto that the work of that Survey, in so 
far as it did any good at all, was better done by the Bureau of Soils 
and other bureaus. I would like to have your opinion on that. 
Secretary Wiuson. The division in our Department that comes 
nearest to being purely scientific is that very one. 
The CuatrMan. It has the least commercial touch ? 
Secretary Wiison. The least commercial touch to it. And yet the 
scientific facts brought out by that division have a value. They are 
studying the meridians, say, along which they find certain plants 
