444 HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 
rowing, the conditions under which they find them, beginning at the 
South and running way up to the North. 
At certain elevations they find certain plants, certain birds, and 
certain animals, flora, and fauna, and where they find the one they 
know they are apt to find the same thing under the same conditions 
farther north or farther south. They study the bird to ascertain 
which one is injurious to the farmer and which one is beneficial. They 
study the animal for the same purpose. They are, I think, men who 
have a value of their own. I would not like to see them turned loose 
from the Department. They have brought to our attention some 
plants, etc., that can be made valuable. There is no scientific division 
in the Department to whom we would more readily turn for exact 
technical information with regard to plants and animals than we would 
to Doctor Merriams division. 
Mr. Scorr. 1 can readily understand, of course, the value of their 
work in the matter of determining what birds and animals are helpful 
or hurtful to fruit and crops of various kinds; but it rather occurred 
to me that they were not spending money wisely in mapping the country 
as to the arrangement of various crops. The gentleman who appeared 
before us stated he might find one soil in Florida and might find pre- 
cisely similar soil in Montana; and the function of his Bureau was to 
teach the Montana farmer that he can not grow on his soil what would 
grow in Florida, although the soil was precisely similar. The Montana 
farmer would probably know that. 
Secretary Witson. You notice they have in charge the execution of 
the game laws. 
Mr. Scorr. That is all right; we have no criticism to make on that, 
but whatever money they spend in this other matter—speaking for 
myself; I do not assume to speak for the committee; whatever money 
they spend in this other direction seems disadvantageously spent as 
far as the results obtained are concerned. 
The CHarrMan. The result they get at too slowly? 
Secretary Wiison. There is probably less money value in their 
report at the end of the year than there is in other bureaus, but at 
the same time they do study effectively some of those propositions; 
and I think it would be wise to continue the work along those lines. 
By the by, there is one thing I had pretty nearly forgotten; I hope 
you will make bureaus of these scientific divisions that have not been 
bureauized. 
The Cuatrman. How much better results are you getting from the 
Statistical Division owing to the fact that that had been made a 
bureau # 
Secretary Wixson. To begin with, the heads deserve the money 
The Cuarrman. Is that really the main point/ 
Secretary Witson. That is one point; but they have more freedom 
in organization in the bureau condition than they have in a division. 
Mr. Scorr. Can you explain how that comes about? 
Secretary Witson. Well, in the bureau organization, if you will 
take Doctor Galloway for example; he has his pomologist, his botanist, 
his pathologist, and physiologist, and so forth, all along these lines. 
There is a distinct class of men, each working under his own name; 
and there is rather more dignity to a bureau. 
The Cuarrman. That Bureau is more homogeneous? 
Secretary Wiisonx. Oh, surely: it must be homogeneous. 
