HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 445 
The Cuatrman. The Bureau of Statistics stands by itself; apply your 
remarks to that; why do you get better results from that as a bureau 
than as a division? 
Secretary Witson. A year ago when I asked Congress to make the 
statistical division a bureau, I found from experience it had been run- 
ning down from the fact that it had been training men who were 
aaa low salaries, and after they became valuable other institutions 
wanted them and took them away, and the Bureau had severely suf- 
ferred. I wanted more compensation for the men who deserved more 
compensation in that division. It could not be very well done ina 
division in order to keep it in line with other divisions of the Govern- 
ment. The Government of the United States is doing its work through 
bureaus. It created them. The new Bureau of Commerce and Labor 
started out with a succession of bureaus. It got four or five from the 
older departments, and it created one in manufactures and one in cor- 
porations, and so forth. Now, then, the men at the head of those 
bureaus are not a bit abler men, better educated in their line, than the 
scientists of the Bureau of Statistics in their line; but a bureau officer 
gets a certain salary, and a division officer gets a certain salary. 
Mr. Burzeson. As a matter of fact, it was in the nature of a pro- 
motion for this man who had rendered efficient service? | 
Secretary Wixtson. Undoubtedly; it was a promotion for him, and 
I make no bones in saying I want to promote Doctor Howard. He has 
not bis equal on earth as an entomologist. I am going to start him 
next week in charge of at least half of that work down in the South- 
ern States in regard to the boll weevil, and he ought to have the small 
amount that is given to our bureau ofticers—$3,500. You notice the 
facility and ease with which Congress creates bureaus and gives them 
$5,000 or $6,000, and the man that works under them often gets $3,000 
or $4,000. 
I tell you, the men who work under you gentlemen are as great 
scientists as you will find in the world in their lines; and when a man 
has been as long in that Department as Doctor Howard has, he deserves 
that $3,500. And take Doctor Marlatt, who went to the Orient and 
brough back the lady-bird to attack the San Jose scale. That class of 
men deserve a little more money. Weare not asking it but for one 
man at present; but if we are going to hold those or men, they 
will have to get, eventually, some increase. We are holding our 
scientists now better than we did seven years ago, because you have 
been giving them more money. Otherwise we would have been down 
at the low level that we were seven years ago. There is no use in 
hesitating about speaking my mind on that question. : 
I want those men to get more money because they are earning more. 
Tam not asking it for anybody but the heads of the proposed bureaus. 
Our bureau chiefs are the most poorly paid of any in the United States 
Government. All of the new bureaus under the new Secretary of 
Commerce and Labor get their $5,000 every one of them. We have 
been content with $3,500. I think the Senate put in $4,000 once for 
Doctor Galloway; he gets $4,000. Doctor Salmon, who has no equal 
in his line in the world, whose investigations led up to the ascertain- 
ment of the source from which malaria and yellow fever come, is get- 
ting $4,500. : 
Some of his very best men have gone into the War Department, 
and are getting $5,000 with a prospect of a pension when they retire. 
