278 THE FLOWER. 



where the limb spreads at right angles with the summit of the more 

 or less elongated tube, as in the corolla of Cypress- Vine (Fig. 451) 

 and Phlox (Fig. 457) ; and rotate, or w/ieel-shaped, when a hypo- 

 crateriform corolla has a very short tube, as in the Forget-me-not, Bit- 

 tersweet (Fig. 453), and Potato (Fig. 454). 



511. The principal irregular gamopetalous or gamophyllous forms 

 that have received a separate appellation are the ligulate or strap- 

 shaped, which has already been explained (473), and the labiate or 

 bilabiate. The latter, as already stated, is produced by the unequal 

 union of the sepals or petals (473), so as to form an upper and a lower 

 part, or two lips, as they are called, from an obvious resemblance to 

 the open mouth of an animal (Fig. 458-460). This variety is al- 

 most universally exhibited by the corolla of the Sage or Mint family 

 (which is therefore called Labiatie), as well as of several related 

 families ; and the calyx is frequently bilabiate also, as in the Sage. 

 And since, in the corolla of these families, two of the five petals 

 enter into the composition of the upper lip, and three into that of the 

 lower, this is necessarily inverted in the bilabiate calyx, three of the 

 sepals combining to form the upper lip, and two to form the lower. 



512. When the ujjper lip is arched, as in the coroUa of Lamium 

 (Fig. 458), it is sometimes called the galea, or helmet. When the 

 two lips are thus gaping and the throat open, the corolla is said to 

 be ringent. When the mouth is closed, or partly so, by an elevated 

 portion or protuberance of the lower lip, called the palate, as in the 

 Snapdragon and Toadflax (Fig. 459, 4G0), the corolla is said to be 

 personate, or masked. 



513. In the Snapdragon, the base of the corolla is somewhat pro- 

 tuberant, or saccate, on the anterior side ; in the Toadflax, the pro- 

 tuberance is extended into a hollow spur. A projection of this kind 

 is not uncommon, in various families of plants. One petal of the 

 Violet is thus spurred or calcarate (Fig. 397) ; so is one of the outer 

 petals in the Fumitory, and each of them in Dicentra (Fig. 370). So, 

 also, one of the sepals is spur-red or strongly sac-shaped in the Jewel- 

 weed (Impatiens), and the Larkspur (Fig. 398) ; and all five petals 

 take this shape in the Columbine. A monster of the Toadflax is 

 occasionally found, in which the four remaining petals of the five 

 which enter into its composition, affect the same irregularity, and so 

 bring back the flower to a singular abnormal state of regularity. 

 This was called by Linnaeus Peloria ; a name which is now used to 

 designate the same sort of monstrosity in different flowers. 



