400 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS. 



tion. Stamens indefinite, often in three to five clusters, distinct or 

 somewhat united, one of each pai'cel often transformed into a peta- 

 loid scale (Fig. 383, 743) : anthers two-celled. Styles united into 

 one. Fruit two to flve-celled, or, by obliteration, one-celled when 

 ripe. In other respects nearly as in Malvaceae. — Tilia, the Linden, 

 or Lime-Tree, represents the order in northern temperate regions ; 

 the other genera are tropical. All are mucilaginous, with a tough 

 fibrous inner bark. From this iast or hass of the Linden, the Rus- 

 sian mats, &c. are made, whence the name of Basswood. Gunny- 

 bags and flshing-nets are made in India from the bark of Corchorus 

 capsularis ; the fibre of which, called Jute, is spun and woven. The 

 light wood of the Linden is excellent for wainscoting and carv- 

 ing : its charcoal is used for the manufacture of gunpowder. It is 

 said that a little sugar may be obtained from the sap : and the honey 

 made from the odorous flowers is thought to be the finest in the 

 world. The acid berries of Grewia sapida are employed in the 

 East in the manufacture of sherbet. 



775. Ol'd. DipterocarpcfE, allied in some respects to Tiliaceas, con- 

 sists of a few tropical Indian trees, with a resinous or balsamic juice. 

 Dryobalanops aromatica, a large tree of Sumatra and Borneo, yields 

 in great abundance camphor oil and sohd camphor : botli are found 

 deposited in cavities of the trunk. It is more sohd than common 

 camphor, and is not volatile at ordinary temperatures. It bears a 

 high price, and is seldom found in Europe or this country, but is 

 chiefly carried to China and Japan. Shorea robusta yields the 

 Dammer-pitch. Valeria Indica exudes a kind of copal, the Gum 

 Animi of commerce ; and a somewhat aromatic fatty matter, called 

 Piney Talloip, is derived from the seeds. 



776. Ord, Guttifera;, or Clusiacese, consists of tropical trees, with a 

 yellow resinous juice, opposite and coriaceous entire leaves, and 

 large flowers with many stamens, little distinction between the 

 sepals and petals, no styles, an indehiscent fruit, and seeds with a 

 peculiar undivided fleshy embryo. It has been associated with Ply- 

 pericacesB, but is more related to the ensuing families. The resin- 

 ous juice is acrid and drastic ; that of a Ceylonese tree of the order 

 yields Gamboge. It is remarkable that such an order should pro- 

 duce one of the most esteemed fruits, viz. the Mangosteen, yielded by 

 Garcinia Mangostana of Malacca, and also the Mammee-apple, &c. 



777. Ord. Camelliacea; {Camellia or Tea Family). Trees or shrubs, 

 with a watery juice, alternate simple leaves without stipules, and 



