EXOGENOUS OR DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 



479 



Subclass 2. Gtmnospekmous Exogenous Plants. ' 



Ovules, and consequently the seeds, naUed, that is, not enclosed in 

 an ovaiy (560) ; the carpel being represented either by an open 

 scale, as in Pines ; or by a more evident leaf, as in Cycas ; or else 

 wanting altogether, as in the Yew. 



922. Ord, Conifers! {Pine Family). Trees or shrubs, with branch- 

 ing trunks, abounding in resinous juice (the wood chiefly consisting 

 of a tissue somewhat intermediate between ordinai-y woody fibre 

 and vessels, and marked with circular disks) ; the leaves mostly 



evergreen, scattered or fascicled, usually rigid and needle-shaped or 



FIG. 1180. Carpellary scale of Cupressas Eemperrirens (the true Cypress), seen from with- 

 in, and showing the numerous orthotropoua OTules that stand on its base. 1181. Branch of 

 Abies Canadensis (Ilemloclc Spruce), with lateral staminate flowers, and a fertile strobile. 

 1182. Staminate ament, magnified. 1183. Carpellary scale of a fertile ament, with its bract. 

 1184. Similar fertile scale, more magnified and Been from within ; showing the two ovules ad- 

 -herent to its base: one of them (the left) laid open. 1185. The scale in front, nearly of the 

 natural size, its inner surface occupied by the two seeds. 1186. Polycotyledonous embryos of 

 Abies and Cypress. 1187. Vertical section of an embryo. 1188. Strobile of Taxodlum dis- 

 tichum (Suborder Cupressineffi). 



