518 APPENDIX. 



Those abbreviations of the names of organs which are commonly em- 

 ployed, such as Cal. for calyx, Cor. for corolla, Fl. for flower, Fr. for 

 fruit, Gen. for genus, lidli. for habitat, Ilerh. for herbarium, Horl. for 

 garden, Mus. for Museum, Ord. for order, Pidd. (Radix) for root, Syn. for 

 synonymy, S^). or Spec, for species, Var. for variety, &c., scarcely require 

 explanation. 



V. sp. denotes, in general terms, that the writer has seen the plant under 



consideration. 

 V. s. c. (^Vidi siccam cuctam), that a dried specimen of a cultivated plant 



has been examined. 

 V. s. s. (FiA' siccam spontaneam), that a dried specimen of the wild 



plant has been examined. 

 V. V. c. (^Vidi vicam cultavi), that the living cultivated plant has been 



under examination. 

 V. V. s. (^Vidi vivam spontaneam), that the wild plant has been examined 



in a living state. 

 The names of authors, when of more than one syllable, are commonly 

 abridged by writing ths first syllable, and the first letter or the first con- 

 sonant of the second. Thus, Zinn., or i., is the customary abbrei iation 

 for Linnasus ; Juss. for Jussieu ; Willd. for Willdenow ; Muhl. for IMuh- 

 lenberg ; Miclix. for Michaux; Hich. for Richard; De Cand., or DC, 

 for De CandoUe ; Hook, for Hooker ; Endl. for Endlicher ; Lindl. for 

 Lindley, &c. 



Of Collecting and Preserving Plants. 



1. The botanist's collection of specimens of plants, preserved by drying 

 under pressure between folds of paper, is termed a liorlus Siccus, or com- 

 monly an Herbarium. 



2. A complete specimen consists of one or more shoots, bearing the 

 leaves, flowers, and fruit ; and, in case of herbaceous plants, a portion of 

 the root is also desirable. 



8. Fruits and seeds which are too large to accompany the dried speci- 

 mens, or which would be injured by compression with sections of wood, 

 &c., should be separately preserved in cabinets. 



4. Specimens for the herbarimn should be gathered, if possible, in a dry 

 day ; and carried either in a close tin box, as is the common practice, or 

 in a strong portfolio, containing a quire or more of firm paper, with a few 

 loose sheets of blotting-paper to receive delicate plants. They are to 

 be dried under strong pressure, (but without crushing the parts,) between 

 dryers composed of six to ten thicknesses of bibulous paper; which should 

 be changed daily, or even more frequently, until all the moisture is ex- 

 tracted from the plants ; — a period which varies in diflTerent species, and 



