156 APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 



of healthy people, those of typhoid patients, and those of 

 patients suffering from the various forms of fever, were 

 submitted to Eisner's method of examination. 



They are divided into three categories : (1) fever patients 

 in the height of the evolution of the fever; (2) the con- 

 valescent stage ; (3) healthy subjects. In pyretic cases of 

 typhoid, Eberth's bacillus was always present in the stools. 

 Eisner supplies seventeen cases, Lazarus five, and Brieger 

 ten. Among the convalescent, the Eberth-Gaffky bacillus 

 was found thirteen times in eighteen examinations ; it was 

 also detected in the stools of a male nurse in perfect health 

 who attended typhoid patients. M. Chantemesse's personal 

 observations are as follows : Eberth's bacillus was not 

 detected in a case of erysipelas, nor in the two others of 

 influenza accompanied with fever. In thirteen cases of 

 typhoid the specific bacillus was found. This occurred 

 each time the examination was made ; the bacillus thus 

 detected settled the diagnosis, which by clinical examination 

 had not been clearly established. Lazarus has detected 

 the typhoid bacillus in the stools of a patient forty-one 

 days after the temperature had fallen to the normal point. 

 The fact that a man in good health can carry in his 

 intestines Eberth's bacillus, and thus disseminate it, throws 

 much light on the so-called ' spontaneous ' origin of typhoid 

 fever. 



The Serum Treatment of Typhoid. — In the course of a com- 

 munication to the Paris Societe de Biologie on February 22, 

 M. Chantemesse said that he had succeeded in immunising 

 several horses against the virus of typhoid fever. He 

 obtained the serum of such strength that one-fifth of a 

 drop inoculated into a guinea-pig twenty-four hours before 

 infection protected it against a dose of typhoid virus 

 fatal to animals not previously injected with the pro- 



