CHAPTER, II 
Pre-Carboniferous Rocks of South Brazil 
Resting upon the granite at many points in Rio Grande do Sul, 
Santa Catharina, Paranda, and S. Paulo, or enclosed in its folds, we 
find belts of marble or semi-crystalline limestone, and other old 
metamorphic rocks along the region of the Serra do Mar. These 
beds could not be studied, but were incidentally noted in passing 
across them near Cacapava where there isa belt of semi-crystalline 
limestone = to 1 kilometer wide and 10-12 kilometers long, the base of 
which in contact with the granite is converted into marble. No fossils 
were observed. There is also marble in Santa {Catharina north-east 
from Itajahy, according to Colonel Eugenio Miller, who has obser- 
ved it, as also in Paranda, S. Pauloand Minas Geraes. It probably all 
comes at the same geologic horizon, and doubtless belongs to the 
Cambrian or an older system of rocks. 
Devonian Beds 
Immediately below the Carboniferous beds in the state of Para- 
na, and unconformable therewith, we find a series of rocks with 
well marked Devonian fossils. These beds crop near Ponta Grossa in 
Parana, as well as at many other localities along the head waters 
of Tibagy. They are also well exposed in a road cutting, 3 kilome- 
ters south from Jaguariahyva where they are quite fossiliferous. 
The higher beds are shales, dark at top, but blueand sandy below 
passing into massive’ conglomerates lower down in which no 
fossils were observed. 
The list of these fossils collected near Jaguariahyva and also near 
Tibagy is as follows as identified by Dr. John M. Clarke, State Geolo- 
gist of New York, who kindly submits the following remarks thereon: 
