— 229 — 
Rocinha limestone. , . . 2 
Estrada Nova gray and va- 
riegated shales with cherty 
PASSA DOIS SERIES .) concretions and sandy beds. 150 aes 
‘Iraty black shale, Mesosaurus 
and Stereosternum . . . 70 
SANTA_CATHARI- : 
NA SYSTEM Palermoshales. . . . - 90 
Rio Bonito shales and sand 
stones Coal Measures and 
riven Gees a eae eee Ke " oon 
Orleans conglomerate. . . 5 
Yellow sandstones and shales 
to granite floor . . . . 27 
A eomparison of this classification with that given by the 
writer on a preceding page for the Santa Catharina system and 
here reproduced for easy reference will disclose the close parallelism 
in both the character of the sediments and the included fossil 
remains, since both the Upper Karroo, and the Lower Karroo are 
the exact counterparts of the Si Bento, and Tubardo series, respe- 
ctively, with the latter extended upward to include the Jraty black 
Shale with ils Mesosaurus and Stereosternum remains. 
Whether the Middle Karroois absent in Brazil, or whether its 
rocks may be represented in the upper portion of the Passa Dois or 
the lower portion of the Sd Bento series is not yet known. 
The probabilities, however, are that the Beaufort series may not 
yet have been discovered in Brazil, since its abundant reptilian fauna 
of such bizarre types could hardly have escaped the trained eyes of 
Dr. Orville A. Derby who has so long and carefully studied the 
geology of the state of Sao Paulo. 
This close identity not only of the fossils of the Santa Catharina 
and Karroo systems, but also the general resemblance of the strati- 
graphic and lithologic features found in the two systems as well as 
in the Gondwana system of India so far as the Lower and Upper 
members are concerned, certainly lends great plausibility to the view 
that the southern continents must have been united in Permian and 
Triassic time by a great land connection now submerged which 
Suess has termed « Gondwana land ». 
