CHAPTER VIII 
The Younger Geologic Formations 
Superimposed upon the Botucatti Sandstones in Sd Paulo and 
later than the great diabasic and basaltic sheets, there comes another 
series of conglomerates, shales and limestones in which Dr. Derby 
finds pebbles of diabase, etc., showing that they are distinctly younger 
than the great sheets of the latter. These beds were observed at a 
few points in S& Paulo and Minas Geraes, but no detailed study 
could be given them. 
They do not appear to be present in Santa Catharina or Rio Grande 
do Sul, since no clastic deposits were seen there above the eruptive 
rocks of the Serra Geral. 
A limestone occurs in these younger deposits at such widely distant 
points as Sao Paulo dos Agudos in the state of Sao Paulo, and Man- 
gabeira, and Paineiras in the state of Minas Geraes. It has been mined 
and burned for lime at many localities, and presents the same creamy 
white appearance at all. It might be termed the Paineiras limestone 
from the locality of that name near Uberaba, Minas Geraes, where it 
is burned into lime on a commercial scale. 
It frequently contains quartz and other pebbles and graduates 
upward into a regular conglomerate. 
The following analyses of specimens of limestone colleeted from the 
localities referred to were made under the supervision of Prof. B. H. Hite: 
Analyses of the Paineiras limestone 
No. 4. No. 2. No. 3. 
SHIGA. so cee ew. se a Sa ne ee a te we aa 3.60 7.90 13.00 
Iron and Alumina, « . + 6 ee ee ee ee ee 1.60 41.60 1.40 
Carbonate of Lime. . . . . + 2. « « « oR a Ge ees 75.39 86.92 84.25 
Carbonate of Magnesia. »« «1 + © © © © © © © © © © ow 19.69 3.64 4.39 
100.28 400,06 100.04 
