— 257 — 
‘We have here a precise and clear affirmation which merits respect, guaran- 
teeing us the possibility of using our coal in an exigent service, such asa railway. 
Further, the Santa Catharina sample was extracted from the upper beds and it 
may be hoped that the quality will improve as the deeper beds are reached. 
Nor is this affirmation one of those which are sometimes lightly made and 
which in some cases might be occasioned merely by a desire to supply machinery, 
because the proposal now made by the Baldwin Company to the Central is but a 
repetition of that Company’s proccedure in Japan, where coal had been discovered 
that was at first considered unfit for use in locomotives, the contrary afterwards 
proving to be the case however. Samples were sent to Messrs. Baldwin from 
two mines, the «Iwaki» and «Iryana», the results of the analyses being as 
follows: 
Iwaki Mine Iryana Mine 
Moisture. 1. « «© «© # «© © « & 7.19 % 10.78 % 
Volatilematter. . . . . . . ©. 46.10 % 39.49 % 
Fixed carbon. . . . . . . . . 32.39 % 40.31 % 
ASD 6. ce aes Ge te ee we ee a ce TB 9.42 % 
As will be noticed, either of these compared with the Santa Catharina coal 
shows a greater quantity of moisture and less flxed carbon. The percentage of 
moisture made combustion difficult, as was stated by Mr. Baldwin to Mr. S. M. 
Vauclain at a meeting of the New York Railway Club on 20th april, 1899, his 
words being: 
« This coal was very difficult to ignite on account of the moisture, 
but after it had once been ignited it burned freely but rapidly.» 
The Baldwin constructed locomotives suitable for the employment of this 
coal, with boilers of a moditied Wootten type having special bars capable of bur- 
ning a sufficient quantity of fuel for the production of the steam required by the 
dimensions given to the cylinders. 
Locomotives were built both for passengers and goods, forty-four engines of 
the latter type being sent to Japan in one lot, where they have given excellent 
results. 
The coal used being about equal to ours, we have thus the agreeable certa- 
inty of being able sooner or later to work the locomotives on our railways with 
national fuel, and that nota fuel necessitating the destruction of our forests, 
which constitutes a calamity for the country, but one derived from subterranean 
sources, 
In comparing the analyses of the Santa Catharina coal with those of the two 
samples from the Japanese mines above mentioned, it is seen that the percentage 
of moisture which in the former amounts to only 0.30, reaches 7.19 and 10.78 in 
the Japanese; that the first has a smaller quantity of volatile matter with a larger 
proportion of ash but in compensation contains more fixed carbon, viz: 42.58°/o, the 
coal from the lwaki mine having 32.29°/. and that from the Iryana mine 40.31°/., 
The native coal is consequently very similar to the Japanese coal now being 
employed with good results in the service of their railways.» 
5569 33 
