EXPLANATORY NOTE. 
The geographic base of this map was copied by Mr. Ray V. Hennen, En- 
gineer of the West Virginia Geological Survey, from a map of South Brazil by 
Dr. R. Jannasch, published in 1902. Whatever errors (which are probably num- 
erous) occur in the original, will of course be found in the copy 
In attempting to show the areas covered by the strata of the Santa 
Catharina system of rocks, it should be understood that accuracy is not attempted, 
since vast areas where these beds are shown as probably present from general 
considerations, could not be visited for confirmation. The reader should there- 
fore consider the map as not even approximately accurate, but only a provisional 
and generalized expression of geological facts without any pretentions to accuracy 
in details. 
The Rio Bonito Beds or Coal Measures peep out from under the higher 
series of the Santa Catharina system at many points along the eastern crop of the 
same, but as to how far westward they may extend when deeply buried from sight 
by the overlying rocks, it is impossible to decide. Stratigraphy would indicate 
that somewhere under this great overlying mass, there is a continuous stretch 
of Coal Measures reaching at least from Minas in Santa Catharina, and possibly 
from Parana and Sao Paulo, to and across the state of Rio Grande do Sul beyond 
the Jaguarao coal field on the border of Uruguay. But just how far eastward the 
Sao Bento series may have transgressed and buried the eastern margin of the Coal 
Measures from view, it is impossible to know except by deep drilling. It is, of 
course, possible that the Brazilian coal fields exist in scattered and isolated basins 
which were never continuously connected, but such an hypothesis would be con- 
trary to the only available evidence in the case—namely, that from fossil plants 
and stratigraphy. The deep drill hole to be sunk by the Commission near 
Ararangua where the general subsidence of all the measures to the south-west has 
carried the horizon of the Coal Measures 200 meters or more below the surface, 
will give some valuable information on this subject. The accompanying scheme 
of classification, in which the rucks of the Sado Bento series are supposed to be of 
Triassic age, will show the approximate thickness and character of the beds in the 
Santa Catharina system, which, as a whole, appears to correlate with the Karroo 
system of South Africa and the Gondwana of India. 
I. C. WHITE. 
January 1st, 1907. 
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