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13. Sado Raphael near Sao Sepé. Lot 3926. 
14. Roof of the black shale 6 meters above the granite, 4 ( 492 
Kilometer Post) kilometers east of Suspiro. Brownish cream-colored 
and micaceous shale with hard yellowish layers, all with abundant 
Gangamopteris. Lot 3592. 
15. Santa Maria; 220—250 meters below the top of the S. Bento 
sandstone. Fossil wood. Lot 3917. 
16. Near Sao Jeronymo mines 110 meters above Sao Jeronymo coal. 
Tossil wood. Lot 3920. 
17. Butia ; 30—60 meters alove Sao Jeronymo coal. Fossil wood. 
Lot 3916. 
18. Near Sao Sapé; apparently in red beds 100—200 meters above 
S. Jeronymo coal. Fossil wood. Lot 3919. 
19. Road between Mr. Brun’s and S. Raphael. Fossil wood in red 
shale, 100—200 meters above coal beds. Lot 3918. 
20. Surface specimens in apparently decomposed rock 1 1/2 
kilometers east of Santa Maria station (160—161 Kilometer Post ). 
Fossil wood. Lot 3915. 
Local distribution of the species 
That the flora of the Brazilian coal measures is composed of 
mingled older Gondwanaand Northern Permian species has long been 
recognized. 
The presence of Gondwana elements in Brazil was noticed by 
Hettner, and Zeiller has contributed a very valuable discussion of the 
intermingling of Northern and Southern types and of the consequent 
deductions as to the boundaries of the two great corresponding floral 
provinces in Permo-Carboniferous time. In the following pages it will 
be shown that we have in southern Brazil a typical lower Gondwana 
flora, embracing the principal types characteristic of that flora in India’ 
Australia and South Africa, to which is added a smaller part, chiefly 
composed of Lepidophytes, derived more or less directly from the 
Northern Permo-Carboniferous flora. 
* Also it will be seen that the Gondwana forms were present 
in the lowest sediments of the series, while the Northern elements, 
appearing a little later, seem to }ecome more abundant and varied in 
the higher beds. 
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