— 369 — 
table for the return of the contemporaneous northern fiora or by the 
supposition that northern plants had not yet had time to recover the 
ground lost by themselves or their ancestors at the time of the 
refrigeration of the region. That there was lack of land connection 
along which to migrate from some quarter occupied by the northern 
flora is not to be seriously considered. 
Evidence of the presence of Lepidophytes in the series is first 
found in the collection from the Bonito coal, where, at 120 meters 
above the granite, megaspores, probably Sigillarian, are met in layers 
forming a part of the coal. The same type of spore, together with 
fragments of cortex and leaves of Sigillaria, are met in a bed 135 
meters ahove the granite and 40 meters below the Barro Branco coal 
near Minas, where we find Egquisetites calamitinoides, Schizoneura ? 
sp., Sigillaria australis, Sphenopteris hastata?, Glossopteris indica, 
Glossopteris ampla, Glossopteris occidentalis, Noeggerathiopsis His 
lopi, Cardiocarpon Oliveiranum and Carpolithus ? sp. 
According to Doctor White’s stratigraphical correlations the Ira- 
pua coal is but a few meters beneath the Barro Branco coal in Santa 
Catharina, and the latter coal is equivalent to the Sao Jeronymo coay 
near Candiota, Rio Grande do Sul. From these coals, about midway 
between the granite, and the Iraty black shale, small collections were 
made containing Lepidophioios laricinus ? Glossopteris Browniana, 
Glossopteris indica, Glossopteris sp., Vertebraria? sp., Gangamo- 
pteris obovata, Ottokaria ovalis, Noeggeratgiopsis Hislopi, Cardio- 
carpon Moreiranum, and Cardiocarpon Barcellosum. The typical ele- 
ments of the Gangamopteris or lower Gondwana flora are here present. 
It is unfortunate that the collections madeat the above named 
and higher horizons are not larger and more comprehensive ; for it 
is certain that interesting as well as important paleobotanical data 
are to be found therein. 
At an horizon a little higher still, or about 20 meters above the 
Irapua coal in Rio Grande do Sul, coaly layers or a dirty coal is 
found filled with the impressions or carbonized remains of Lepi- 
dodendron Pedroanum, Lepidophloios laricinus and Sigillaria Brardii. 
This material resembles the «bone» partings in some of our 
northern coals, and is filled with identical or similar types though 
the matrix is not so compact or lithified. 
The collections made by the Coal Commission contain but a 
single: stem fragment, Lycopodiopsis Derbyi, and pieces of fossil 
