CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



Introduction 1 



PART I— MORPHOLOGY 



I. The Cell 11 



Definition of the Cell — Historical — Protoplasm — Nucleus 

 — Cell Wall — Cell Contents — Properties of Protoplasm — 

 Cell Growth and Division — What is a Plant? 



II. Elementary Tissues 22 



Variations in Cells — Tissues: Parenchyma, CoUenchyma, 

 Sclerenchyma, Prosenchyma, Bast Fibers, Wood Fibers, 

 Tracheary Tubes, Tracheids, Sieve Cells, Laticiferous 

 Cells — Systems: Fundamental, Epidermal, Fibro-vascular, 

 Ground — Organs. 



III. Stems, Bulbs and Buds 31 



Types of Stems — Bulbs — Buds — ^Formation of Buds — • 

 Structure of Stems — Growth of Stems — -Annual Rings — • 

 Medullary Ray — Cork Cambium — Heart and Sap Wood — 

 Growth of the Monocotyledonous Stem — -Functions of 

 Stems. 



IV. Roots 58 



J Types of Roots — ^Functions of Roots — Structure of Roots 

 — Absorption — Distribution of Roots. 



V. Leaves 70 



Parts of the Leaf — Types of Leaves — Stipules — Functions 

 of Leaves — Arrangement of Leaves — Structure of the Leaf. 



VI. Flowers 82 



Parts of the Flower — Modification of the Flower — Inflo- 

 rescence — Types of Flowers. 



VII. Plant Reproduction 92 



Sexual Reproduction — Pollination — Methods of PoUina- 

 tion — -Fertilization — Ovules — Formation of the Seed — 

 Secondary Effects of Pollination and Fertilization — ^Par- 

 thenogenesis and Polyembryony — Non-sexual Reproduc- 

 tion — Grafting — Budding — Variations — Mutations — 

 Plant Breeding. 



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