110 COLLEGE BOTANY 



These individual flowers and the mature ovaries derived from 

 them are usually small and are clustered on a common rachis. 

 The mulben-y and pineapple are types. It will be readily seen 

 that although the blackberry and mulberry show a striking super- 

 ficial resemblance they are very different, the former being de- 

 rived from a single flower with many pistils or carpels and the 

 latter from the pistils of a number of small individual flowers. 

 The term " berry " as applied to these fruits is unfortunate ; 

 botanically they are not true berries, but the name is so closely 

 associated with them that we must continue to use it. 



The accessory fruit is quite different from any of the other 

 fruits. It is a combination of the fleshy and dry fruits and is ~ 

 illustrated by the strawberry (Fig. 191 ). The edible part is the 

 enlarged fleshy torus or receptacle on the surface of which are 

 numerous acheneSj which are ustially but incorrectly called seeds. 

 (See achene, page 111.) 



The porhe is a fruit in which the ovary or ovaries and the 

 calyx have united and become fleshy. The base of the calyx ex- 

 tends over the ovary and the tips of the sep'als persist at the 

 blossom end of the fruit. The endocarp is developed as a 

 papery case. The apple, pear and quinde are types of this 

 fruit (Fig. 79, d). 



The true berry consists of a more or less leathery structure, 

 enclosing a mass of seeds (Fig. 79, e). It may consist of an ovary 

 only, or of an ovary enclosed in the calyx. A great many plants 

 belonging to a great diversity of families bear fruits of the true 

 berry type, although radically different in size and appearance. 

 Some of the most important are the gooseberry (Fig. 183), cur- 

 rant, huckleberry, cranberry, grape, orange, melon, gourd, cu- 

 cumber. The last three belong to the family CucurbiiaceoB and 



