370 



COLLEGE BOTANY 



The celery (Apium graveolens) was known and used by the 

 ancients; the anise (Pimpinella anisum) was known by the 

 ancients and is grown for the oil which is extracted from the 

 seeds and used in medicine ; the parsnip (Peucedanum pastinaca 

 or Pastinaca safiva) is a well-known food plant which originated 

 in Europe; the carrot (Daucus carota var. sativa) (Figs. 212, 

 213), is another well-known food plant that was cultivated by 

 the ancients ; and the parsley ( Carum petroselium) is another 

 well-known food plant which has been used in Europe and Asia. 



CoENACEiE (Do'gwood Eam.ily). 

 — Shrubs or trees (rarely herbs) ; 

 flowers clustered (rarely solitary), 

 perfect or imperfect; fruit a two- 

 seeded drupe. This family is repre- 

 sented by several species of dogwood 

 (Cornus) which are prized as orna- 

 mentals and two species of sour gum 

 trees (Nyssa). 



CAPEiFOLiACEiE (Honeysucklo 

 Family). — Shrubs (rarely herbs); 

 gamopetalous, perfect flowers ; fruit 

 Fig. 212.— Wild carrot blossoms. The a berry, drupe Or pod; leaves otdpo- 



umbel type of inflorescence. ^ -f i ^^^^. 



site. This family includes many 

 very common and well-known plants, such as the elder {Ham- 

 lucus), snowball {Viburnum) and honeysuckles (Lonicera). 



Eeicace^ (Heath Family). — Herbs or shrubs; flowers per- 

 fect, regular or nearly so^; calyx four- or five-lobed and adnata 

 to the ovary; corolla four- or five-lobed and free; stamens eight 

 or ten ; ovary many-chambered ; fruit a capsule, more rarely a 

 berry. A very large and much diversified family. It includes the 

 huckleberry (Gaylussacia) , the blueberries and cranberries 



