SAPROLEamACB^. 



257 



that the antheridia which fertilize one oogonium grow out 

 of the oogonium lying immediately beneath. * In this case 

 it appears that the terminal oogonium is formed first, and 

 that the antheridia, in each case, grow out from what is yet 

 a part of the whole filament, and that it is only subsequently 

 to the formation of antheridia that an oogonium is formed 

 out of that part of the filament out of which they grew. In 

 the accompanying diagram (Fig, 173) the 

 oogonium a is fertilized by antheridia 

 which grew out of that portion of the 

 filament which subsequently became cut 

 off as oogonium I, which in turn is fer- 

 tilized by antheridia from below it, and so 

 on to d, which receives its antheridia 

 from what still remains as part of the fil- 

 ament. Each oogonium is seen to be 

 younger than the one above it — in other 

 words, the oogonia are developed from 

 the top of the filament downward. 



The oospores of Saprolegniacese possess, 

 when mature, a thick integument, which 

 is double — that is, formed of an outer Pig. i73.-Diagram u- 



,1-1 i. / • \ J • J.1 ■ luatratingr the formation 



thicker coat (epispore) and an inner thin- of the 'sexual organs 

 ner one (endospore). After a considerable """^ *'"' fertilization of 



gnia androffyna. 



period of repose the oospores germinate ^'h^h i8^ferti'ifzed°by 



the antheridia grown 

 from below ; b, the next 

 oldest oogonium ; o, 



by sending out a tube, f 



The Saprolegniacese have been but little stud- 

 ied in this country, although they may be read- 

 ily obtained. They grow quickly upon dead 

 fishes, crayfishes, flies, etc., when placed in tanks 

 of water, and may often be .seen attached para- 

 sitically to young living fishes in aquaria. They 

 are often so abundant in the breeding-houses of 

 fishes as to cause great losses. In some of tlie rivers in England dur- 



younger oojronium, with 

 the oospheres not yet 

 fully formed ; d, young- 

 est oogonium ; ttie lat- 

 ter will be fertilized by 

 the antheridia which 

 grow out from the upper 

 end of the filament be- 

 low. 



* The student should consult an article on " Two New Species of 

 Saprolegnleas," etc., in Qr. Jour. Mic. Science, 1867, p 121, in wliich 

 figures and a description of such a form as that above referred to are 

 given. 



f See De Bary's " Morphologie und PhysiologiederPilze," etc., 1866, 

 p. 155, for an account of t1>e sexual reproduction of Saprolegniacese, 



