G TMNOHl'BJilM^JS. 



405 



the first root of the 

 its whole root sys- 

 tem. The cotyle- 

 dons having thus 

 far been in contact 

 with the e n d - 

 sperm, which fur- 

 nished them with 

 nourishment, now 

 elongate and push 

 out their bases, and 

 in some cases even- 

 tually withdraw 

 themselves entirely 

 from the seed coat 

 (Fig. 300, ///.). 

 The apex of the 

 axis (plumule) be- 

 gins a rapid growth, 

 which gives rise to 

 a leafy stem resem- 

 bling that of the 

 parent plant, al- 

 though usually 

 somewhat simi:)ler. 



515.— The tis- 

 sues of the Gymno- 

 sperms are individ- 

 ually but little high- 

 er than those of the 

 Pteridophytes, but 

 in the mode of their 

 aggregation they 

 present great and 

 important differ- 

 ences, in this latter 

 respect bearing a 

 close resemblance to 

 the tissues of the 

 Dicotyledons among 



new plant, and eventually gives rise to 



Fiff. 300.— Seeds of Finns Pinea in different stages of 

 germination. /., ripe seed in loni^itiidiiia] section; a, 

 the si-edcoat ; e, endosperm ; }o. the li.vp> coryiedoiiary 

 axis of embryo ; c, cotyledons ; y. the inicropylar end 

 of the seed, with the root of the embryo directed to- 

 wards it. //., J/., four views of the beginning of ger- 

 mination ; A^ external view ; B^ with half of the seed 

 ciiat removed; C, in lotigitiidiual section; /), in 

 transverse section ; y, seed coat ; ?', red membrane lin- 

 ing the seed coat ; e. endo-^perm ; c, cotyledons ; w, 

 root ; X, ruptured embryo sue. ///., germination com- 

 plete, the cotyledons, c, unfolding, and the hypoctyle- 

 donary stem. Ac, elongating ; w, the main root, devt-l- 

 oping lateral roots, («'.— After Sachs. 



the Angiosporms, The three tissue sys- 



