512 BOTANY. 



L. ea/rdinaUi, the Cardinal Flower, of the Eastern United States, 

 and several foreign species, are sliowy plants in the flower-garden. 



Campanula medium, Canterbury Bells, and other European species, 

 are in common cultiration. 



Order Goodeniacese. — Mostly Australian, herbaceous plants, num- 

 bering about 300 species, of but little economic value. 



Order Stylidiaceas.— Curious herbs, about 100 in number, mostly 

 Australian. Species of Stylidium are grown in conservatories. 



588.— Cohort XX. Asterales. Plants with actinomorphic 

 or zygomoi'phic flowers ; stamens inserted on the corolla and 

 isomerous with its lobes ; OTary inferior, one-celled, one- 

 ovuled (rarely two- to three-celled). Calyx limb often greatly 

 reduced, forming a pappus, sometimes wanting. 



Order Compositee. — The Sunflower Family. Herbs, shrubs, or 

 rarely trees ; anthers united to each other; ovary, one-celled, contain- 

 ing a single erect seed destitute of endosperm. lu this immense 

 family of fully 10,000 species, distributed throughout all parts of the 

 world, the small flowers are gathered into compact heads, which them- 

 selves often resemble single flowers. Many of the species are of great 

 beauty, and are greatly admired as ornaments, but it is curious to 

 observe, that despite the great size of the order, there are but few 

 plants which are otherwise of any considerable use to man. Many are 

 troublesome weeds. 



In Bentham and Hooker's '■ Genera Plantarum," the 766 genera are 

 arranged under tbirteen tribes, as given below. 



Tribe 1, Cichoriacece — Flowers all ligulate ; juice milky. 



Ciefiorium Iniybus, Chicory, of Europe, is much cultivated in France 

 and Germany. Its roots are used to adulterate coflee. C. Mndivia, of 

 India, is the Endive, cultivated in gardens as a salad plant. 



Lactuca sativa, the Garden Lettuce, is probably a native of Asia. 

 The dried juice of L. mrosa, of Europe, constitutes the narcotic drug 

 Lactucarium. 



I'araxacum Dens-leonis, the Common Dandelion, is used somewhat 

 in medicine. (Figs. 442-5.) 



Tragopogon porrifolius. Salsify, of Europe, is cultivated for its 

 edible root. 



Tribe 2. Mutisiacece. — Flowers usually bifid, i.«., two-lipped. 

 We have but one representative, Ohaptalia tomentosa, in Southeastern 

 United States. They abound in tropical America. 



Tribe 3. Cynaroidece. — Flowers all tubular. 

 Oynara Seolymua, a native of the Mediterranean basin, is the Arti- 

 choke, grown for the thick scales of its flower lieads, which are edible. 

 Carthamua tinctoria, fi Chinese annual, is grpwn iij gardeu? for its 



