514 BOTANY. 



C. pumilun, the Pasture Thistle, and C. horriiJulus, the Yellow Tliistle, 

 are indigenous. 



Tribe 4. A rctotidece. — Flowers partly tubular (forming a central 

 disk), and partly ligulate (formiug rays to the head). Naiives of 

 Africa and Australin. 



Tribe 5. Calen<lulace<je. — Similar to the preceding. Natives 

 mostly of Africa and Asia. 



Tribe O. S- nevionideu\— Heads, mostly witli disk and ray flow- 

 ers. 



Arjnca montana, a perennial of Europe and Siberia, from wliich the 

 officinal Arnica flowers and routs are derived. 



Senecio scandens, of the Cape of Good Hope, is cultivated as a house 

 plant under the name of German Ivy. 



Many other species of this genus are cultivated — e.g., the so-called 

 Cinerarias, Cacalia, Farfugium, etc. Some of the species are common 

 weeds. 



Bedfordia saliciiia, a native of Tasmania, attains a heiglit of four to 

 five metres (15 ft.). Its wood is hard, and Is much prized for cabinet 

 work on account of its beautiful grain. 



Tribe 7. Anthemidece. — Heads mostly with disk and ray flow- 

 ers. 



AftemUia AbsintJiium, the Common Wormwood of Europe, is cul- 

 tivated in old gardens as a domestic remedy. In Europe an alcoholic 

 extract called Absinthe is ufed as an intoxicating beverage. Some 

 species in the Rocky Mountain region are tall shrubs, and are called 

 Sage Brush. They furnish a valuable fuel. 



Ant7iemis nohilis, Chamomile, and Tanaeetum vulgare. Tansy, of 

 Europe, are well known domestic herbs. 



Chrysanthemum rosevm, from Persia, C. Indicum, from China, and 

 C coronarium, from North Africa, are the originals of the Chrysautlie- 

 mums so common in flower-gardens. 



C. Leucanthemum, the Ox Eye Daisy, is a most difficult weed to eradi- 

 cate. 



Tribe 8, Uelenioidete. — Heads mostly with disk and ray flowers. 



To this belong the so-called French or African Marigolds, Tagetes, ol 

 several species, cultivated in flower gardens. They are in reality -na- 

 tives of tro])ical America. 



Tribe 9. HeliailthoideOB. — Heads mostly with disk and ray 

 flowers. 



Dahlia variabilis and one or two other species from Mexico, are the 

 original forms of the Dahlias of the flower-gardens. 



Zinnia elegans, of Mexico, is the well-known Zinnia of the gardens. 



Coreopsis, of several Arkansas and Texas species, are grown under 

 the name of Oalliopsis. 



ITelianthus annuns, the Coujumn Sunflower, is a native of the Texan 

 tiud Mexican regions, A^ide from its ornamental use, its oily seeds are 



