516 BOTANY. 



HelicTirysiim, sp., is also cultivated for tlie same purpose. 



Inula Selenium, Elecampane, of Europe, is cultivated in gardens for 

 its medicinal root. 



Tribe 11, AsteroidecB. — Heads mostly with disk and ray flowers. 



Aside from our native species <if Aster aud tSolidago (Golden Rods), 

 ■which s.ie orusLinentaH, Bellis p6re?inis, the English Daisy, aud Gallis 

 tephus Ghinenm, the China Aster, are common in ilower-ijardens. 



Orindelia robusta and other species are important as furnishing in 

 the alcoholic infusion of their leaves a cure for the poisoning by Poison 

 Ivy. 



Olearia argophylla, the Musk Tree of Tasmania, attains a height of 

 six metres (20 ft.) and a diameter of thirty cm. (1 ft.). Its wood is hard, 

 and is used iu turnery and in the manufacture of agricultural imple- 

 ments. 



0. furfuracea and several other New Zealand species are equally 

 valuable. 



Tribe 12. Eupatoriacece. — Flowers all tubular. (Figs. 446-50 ) 



Species of Eupatorium are used as domestic medicines. Several of 

 the species are ornamental. 



Mikania scandens, a native climber, is cultivated for orname&t. 



The native species of Liatris, Blazing Star, are also quite orna. 

 mental. 



Tribe 13. Vernoniacece. — Flowers all tubular. 



The species of Vemonia, known by the name of Iron-weed, are com- 

 mon weeds on low grounds. 



Order Calyceracese. — A few South American herbs resembling 

 CompositsB, but with the ovule pendulous. 



Order Dipsacese. — Herbs, with distinct anthers and pendulous 

 seeds, which contain endosperm. Species one hundred and twenty, 

 mostly of the North Temperate Zone. 



Bipsacus Pullonum, Fuller's Teasel, of Europe, is jrrown for itshard- 

 bracted ripe heads, which are used by fullers in dressing woolen cloth. 



Scabiosa contains many ornamental species. 



Order Valerianacese. — Herbs, with distinct anthers, and three- 

 celled, but (by absorption) one-seeded ovary ; seed without endosperm. 

 Species about three hundred, mostly of the North Temperate Zone. 



Valeriana officinalis, of Europe, has a thickish root, which, in the 

 dried state, is the officinal Valerian. 



689.— Cohort XXI. Bubiales. Plants with actinomorpli- 

 ic or zygomorphic flowers ; stamens inserted on the corolla 

 and isomerous with its lobes ; . ovary inferior, two- to many- 

 celled, each cell with one to many ovules. Calyx never 

 pappose. 



Order Rubiaceee. — Herbs, shrubs, and trees ; flowers generally res;- 



